Library Management System.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include "Book.h"  //include the Book class

//declaring operations for definition later
void addBook(std::vector<Book>& Library, int& nextID);
void listAllBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library);
void searchBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library);
void updateBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library);
void deleteBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library);
void saveFile(std::vector<Book>& Library);
void loadFile(std::vector<Book>& Library, int& nextID);

int main()
{
	int nextID = 1; 
	std::vector<Book> Library; //making a vector of Book objects called a library to store our books
	int running = 0;
	while (running == 0)
	{
		int userChoice;
		std::cout << "WELCOME TO OPEN LIBRARY!!!\n\n\n";
		std::cout << "Select an option to choose operations: \n";
		std::cout << "1)ADD BOOK - ENTER 1.\n";
		std::cout << "2)LIST ALL BOOKS - ENTER 2.\n";
		std::cout << "3)SEARCH BOOKS - ENTER 3.\n";
		std::cout << "4)UPDATE BOOK - ENTER 4.\n";
		std::cout << "5)DELETE BOOK - ENTER 5.\n";
		std::cout << "6)SAVE FILE - ENTER 6.\n";
		std::cout << "7)LOAD FILE - ENTER 7.\n";
		std::cout << "8)EXIT PROGRAM - ENTER 8.\n";

		std::cin >> userChoice;
		std::cin.ignore();

		switch (userChoice)
		{
		case 1:
			addBook(Library, nextID);
			break;
		case 2:
			listAllBooks(Library);
			break;
		case 3:
			searchBooks(Library);
			break;
		case 4:
			updateBooks(Library);
			break;
		case 5:
			deleteBooks(Library);
			break;
		case 6:
			saveFile(Library);
			break;
		case 7:
			loadFile(Library, nextID);
			break;
		case 8:
			std::cout << "Thanks for your time!\n";
			return 0;
		default:
			std::cout << "Error in operation selection.\n";
		}
	}



	return 0;
}

void addBook(std::vector<Book>& Library, int& nextID)
{
	//declaring variables locally
	int availableQuantity;
	std::string title;
	std::string author;
	int releaseYear;

	//getting input
	std::cout << "Enter title: ";
	std::getline(std::cin, title);

	std::cout << "Enter author: ";
	std::getline(std::cin, author);

	std::cout << "Enter release year: ";
	std::cin >> releaseYear;
	std::cin.ignore();			//std::sin.ignore() used here because cin leaves a \n after it's done which would be picked up by a getline()

	if (std::cin.fail())		//error handling for std::cin so it does not accept fail cases
	{
		std::cin.clear();		//clears the current broken state
		std::cin.ignore();		//ignores leftover input caused to the error
		std::cout << "Invalid input!!!\n";

		return;
	}

	std::cout << "Enter release available quantity: ";
	std::cin >> availableQuantity;
	std::cin.ignore();			//only use where in was used right after it

	if (std::cin.fail())		//error handling for std::cin so it does not accept fail cases
	{
		std::cin.clear();		//clears the current broken state
		std::cin.ignore();		//ignores leftover input caused to the error
		std::cout << "Invalid input!!!\n";

		return;
	}

	if (title == "" || author == "" || releaseYear < 0 || releaseYear < 1800 || releaseYear > 2050 || availableQuantity < 0 || availableQuantity > 250)
	{
		std::cout << "Error invalid values.\n";
		return;
	}

	//making the actual book object then sending it back to the vector with a temporary object name called newBook
	int id = nextID++;;	//id being generated as nextID++
	Book newBook(id, availableQuantity, title, author, releaseYear);
	Library.push_back(newBook);		//sending the object made currently to the vector to save it
	std::cout << "Book added!\n\n";	//indication to the user that the book was added
}

void listAllBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library)
{
	if (Library.size() == 0)		//to print incase the library is empty
	{
		std::cout << "Library currently empty!\n\n";
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < Library.size();i++)
	{
		std::cout << "Entry " << i + 1 << ": id = " << Library[i].getID() << " " << Library[i].getTitle() << " by " << Library[i].getAuthor() << " released on " << Library[i].getReleaseYear() << " Available Quantity = " << Library[i].getAvailableQuantity() << std::endl << '\n';
	}
}

void searchBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library)
{
	if (Library.size() == 0)		//to print incase the library is empty
	{
		std::cout << "Library currently empty!\n\n";
	}

	int choice;
	std::cout << "Search By: \n";
	std::cout << "1. Title\n2. Author\n3. ID\n4. Release Year Range(e.g., 2020 - 2025)\n5. List All Books(sorted by year)\n\n";
	std::cin >> choice;
	std::cin.ignore();

	if (std::cin.fail())
	{
		std::cin.clear();
		std::cin.ignore();		//error handling
		std::cout << "Error in choice input\n\n";
		return;
	}

	switch (choice)
	{
	case 1: //title search
	{
		std::string searchTerm;
		std::cout << "Enter your search term for the Title: ";
		std::getline(std::cin, searchTerm);

		std::cout << "\nSearch Term: '" << searchTerm << "'\n";

		bool foundAny = false;

		//converting each char in searchTerm as a ref in var c which then given to tolower saving back to itself
		for (char& c : searchTerm)
		{
			c = tolower(c);
		}
		//making a ref variable called book of type Book from Library in a loop
		for (const Book& book : Library)
		{
			std::string lowerCaseTitle = book.getTitle();
			// Convert title to lowercase
			for (char& c : lowerCaseTitle)
			{
				c = tolower(c);
			}
			//checking if the searchTerm was found in
			if (lowerCaseTitle.find(searchTerm) != std::string::npos)	//!= std::string::string::npos if a fancy way of saying not found
			{													//when we do title.search() with any string it will give the index the string is found at
				// Print book details using getters             //as in if the given string to find isn't found std::string::npos will be returned it just means it was not found
				foundAny = true;
				std::cout << "ID: " << book.getID()
					<< " | Title: " << book.getTitle()
					<< " | Author: " << book.getAuthor()
					<< " | Year: " << book.getReleaseYear()
					<< " | Qty: " << book.getAvailableQuantity() << "\n";
			}
		}
		if (!foundAny) 
		{
			std::cout << "No books found matching '" << searchTerm << "'\n\n";
		}
		break;
	}
	case 2: //author search
	{
		std::string searchTerm;
		std::cout << "Enter your search term for the Author: ";
		std::getline(std::cin, searchTerm);

		std::cout << "\nSearch Term: '" << searchTerm << "'\n";

		bool foundAny = false;

		//lower case conversion
		for (char& c : searchTerm)
		{
			c = tolower(c);
		}

		//lowercase Author
		for (const Book& book : Library)
		{
			std::string lowerCaseAuthor = book.getAuthor();
			for (char& c : lowerCaseAuthor)
			{
				c = tolower(c);
			}

			if (lowerCaseAuthor.find(searchTerm) != std::string::npos)
			{
				foundAny = true;
				std::cout << "\n\nID: " << book.getID()
					<< " | Title: " << book.getTitle()
					<< " | Author: " << book.getAuthor()
					<< " | Year: " << book.getReleaseYear()
					<< " | Qty: " << book.getAvailableQuantity() << "\n\n";
			}
		}
		if (!foundAny) 
		{
			std::cout << "No books found matching '" << searchTerm << "'\n\n";
		}
		break;
	}
	case 3: // ID Search
	{
		std::string searchTerm;
		std::cout << "Enter ID search term: ";

		// Clear input buffer first
		std::getline(std::cin, searchTerm);

		std::cout << "\nSearch Term: '" << searchTerm << "'\n";

		bool foundAny = false;
		//int booksChecked = 0;

		for (const Book& book : Library)
		{
			std::string bookID = std::to_string(book.getID());
			//booksChecked++;

			//std::cout << "Checking Book ID: " << bookID << "\n";

			if (bookID.find(searchTerm) != std::string::npos)
			{
				foundAny = true;
				std::cout << "\nMATCH FOUND:\n"
					<< "ID: " << book.getID()
					<< " | Title: " << book.getTitle()
					<< " | Author: " << book.getAuthor()
					<< " | Year: " << book.getReleaseYear()
					<< " | Qty: " << book.getAvailableQuantity() << "\n";
			}
		}

		/*std::cout << "\nSearch Complete:\n"
			<< "- Books in library: " << Library.size() << "\n"
			<< "- Books checked: " << booksChecked << "\n"
			<< "- Matches found: " << (foundAny ? "Yes" : "None") << "\n\n";*/

		if (!foundAny)
		{
			std::cout << "No books found matching ID pattern '" << searchTerm << "'\n\n";
		}
		break;
	}
	case 4: //release year search 
	{
		int userSearchYear1;
		int userSearchYear2;

		std::cout << "Enter starting year: ";
		std::cin >> userSearchYear1;

		std::cout << "Enter ending year: ";
		std::cin >> userSearchYear2;

		bool foundAny = false;

		for (Book& book : Library)
		{
			if (book.getReleaseYear() >= userSearchYear1 &&
				book.getReleaseYear() <= userSearchYear2)
			{
				foundAny = true;
				std::cout << "\nMATCH FOUND:\n"
					<< "ID: " << book.getID()
					<< " | Title: " << book.getTitle()
					<< " | Author: " << book.getAuthor()
					<< " | Year: " << book.getReleaseYear()
					<< " | Qty: " << book.getAvailableQuantity() << "\n";

			}
		}
		if (!foundAny) 
		{
			std::cout << "\n\nNo books found between "
				<< userSearchYear1 << " and " << userSearchYear2 << "\n\n";
		}
		break;
	}
	case 5:
	{
		std::vector<Book> sortedBooks = Library;	//making a copy of the library to sort them so we don't change the original Library which will mess up the other functionalities

		//perforiming bubble sort to sort all Books in the Library by year
		for (size_t i = 0;i < sortedBooks.size();i++)	//using size_t to match the return type of sortedBooks.size()
		{
			for (size_t j = 0; j < sortedBooks.size() - i - 1;j++)
			{
				if (sortedBooks[j].getReleaseYear() > sortedBooks[j + 1].getReleaseYear())
				{
					std::swap(sortedBooks[j], sortedBooks[j + 1]);
				}
			}
		}

		//display sorted results to the user
		std::cout << "All books sorted by release year (oldest first):\n";
		for (const Book& book : sortedBooks)
		{
			std::cout << "ID: " << book.getID()
				<< " | Title: " << book.getTitle()
				<< " | Author: " << book.getAuthor()
				<< " | Year: " << book.getReleaseYear()
				<< " | Qty: " << book.getAvailableQuantity() << "\n";
		}
		std::cout << "\n\n";

		break;
	}
	default:
	{
		std::cout << "Error in selection choice\n\n";
	}
	}
}

void updateBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library)
{
	if (Library.size() == 0)		//to print incase the library is empty
	{
		std::cout << "Library currently empty!\n\n";
	}

	int choice;
	std::cout << "Enter the Id of the Book you want to Update: ";
	std::cin >> choice;
	std::cin.ignore();

	bool found = false;

	for (Book& book : Library)
	{
		if (book.getID() == choice)
		{
			found = true;
			std::cout << "\n\nCurrent Book infortmation:\n\n";

			std::cout << "ID: " << book.getID()
				<< " | Title: " << book.getTitle()
				<< " | Author: " << book.getAuthor()
				<< " | Year: " << book.getReleaseYear()
				<< " | Qty: " << book.getAvailableQuantity() << "\n\n";

			std::string yesNo;

			////ID
			//std::cout << "Do you want to change the ID? Please answer in yes or no: ";
			//std::getline(std::cin, yesNo);
			//if (yesNo == "Yes" || yesNo == "yes")
			//{
			//	int tempID;																			//section removed
			//	std::cout << "Enter the new id: ";
			//	std::cin >> tempID;
			//	std::cin.ignore();

			//	book.setID(tempID);

			//	std::cout << "\nID successfuly updated!\n\n";
			//}
			// 
			//TITLE
			std::cout << "Do you want to change the Title? Please answer in yes or no: ";
			std::getline(std::cin, yesNo);
			if (yesNo == "Yes" || yesNo == "yes")
			{
				std::string newTitle;
				std::cout << "Enter the new Title: ";
				std::getline(std::cin, newTitle);
				book.setTitle(newTitle);

				book.setTitle(newTitle);

				std::cout << "\nTitle successfuly updated!\n\n";
			}
			//AUTHOR
			std::cout << "Do you want to change the Author? Please answer in yes or no: ";
			std::getline(std::cin, yesNo);
			if (yesNo == "Yes" || yesNo == "yes")
			{
				std::string newAuthor;
				std::cout << "Enter the new Author: ";
				std::getline(std::cin, newAuthor);
				book.setAuthor(newAuthor);

				std::cout << "\nAuthor successfuly updated!\n\n";
			}
			//YEAR
			std::cout << "Do you want to change the Year? Please answer in yes or no: ";
			std::getline(std::cin, yesNo);
			if (yesNo == "Yes" || yesNo == "yes")
			{
				int tempYear;
				std::cout << "Enter the new Year: ";
				std::cin >> tempYear;
				std::cin.ignore();

				book.setReleaseYear(tempYear);

				std::cout << "\nYear successfuly updated!\n\n";
			}
			//QUANTITY
			std::cout << "Do you want to change the Quantity? Please answer in yes or no: ";
			std::getline(std::cin, yesNo);
			if (yesNo == "Yes" || yesNo == "yes")
			{
				int tempQuantity;
				std::cout << "Enter the new Quantity: ";
				std::cin >> tempQuantity;
				std::cin.ignore();

				book.setAvailableQuantity(tempQuantity);

				std::cout << "\nQuantity successfuly updated!\n\n";
			}
		}
	}
	if (found == false)
	{
		std::cout << "\n\nNo books found matching ID: " << choice << "\n\n";
	}
}

void deleteBooks(std::vector<Book>& Library)
{
	if (Library.size() == 0)		//to print incase the library is empty
	{
		std::cout << "Library currently empty!\n\n";
	}

	int choice;
	std::cout << "Enter the Id of the Book you want to Delete: ";
	std::cin >> choice;
	std::cin.ignore();

	bool found = false;

	for (size_t i = 0;i < Library.size();i++)
	{
		if (Library[i].getID() == choice)
		{
			Library.erase(Library.begin() + i);	//Library.erase(library.begin()+i being used to remove the desired Book from Library
			found = true;						//so erase just deletes anything thats given to it and begin starts at index 0
			break;								//we add the index i to make sure the desired Book is removed
		}
	}

	std::cout << "\n\nBook removed!\n\n";

	if (found) 
	{
		std::cout << "\n\nBook removed!\n\n";
	}
	else 
	{
		std::cout << "\n\nBook not found!\n\n";
	}
}

void saveFile(std::vector<Book>& Library)
{
	std::ofstream outFile("Library Save.csv");	//saving the file as "Library save.csv" a csv file that can be read by other programs as well
	if (!outFile)
	{
		std::cout << "\n\nError: Can't create file!\n\n";	//error check incase the file was not created
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		outFile << "ID,Title,Author,Year,Qty\n";
		for (Book& book : Library)
		{
			outFile << book.getID() << ',' << book.getTitle() << ',' << book.getAuthor() << ',' << book.getReleaseYear() << ',' << book.getAvailableQuantity() << '\n';	//adding text in the csv file
		}
		std::cout << "\n\nFile saved Successfully!\n\n";	//letting the user know the file was created successfully
	}
}

void loadFile(std::vector<Book>& Library, int& nextID)
{
	Library.clear();  //clear current Library to prepare to load file
	std::ifstream file("Library Save.csv");

	if (!file.is_open())
	{
		std::cout << "\n\nError: Can't open file!\n\n";
		return;
	}

	std::string header;
	std::getline(file, header);  //skip the header line

	std::string line;
	while (std::getline(file, line))
	{
		std::stringstream ss(line);
		std::string token;
		std::vector<std::string> tokens;

		//definin a string stream which acts like the input and adding token to then tokens vector
		while (std::getline(ss, token, ','))
		{
			tokens.push_back(token);
		}

		//checking if we have all the five tokens so the book has all the valid data if not skipping it
		if (tokens.size() != 5)
		{
			std::cout << "Skipping invalid line: " << line << "\n";
			continue;
		}

		try
		{
			//converting all the string values to their types using string to int 
			int id = std::stoi(tokens[0]);
			std::string title = tokens[1];
			std::string author = tokens[2];
			int year = std::stoi(tokens[3]);
			int quantity = std::stoi(tokens[4]);

			//adding the values to the back of the Library using emplace_back saving it
			Library.emplace_back(id, quantity, title, author, year);
		}
		catch (const std::exception& e)		//looking for erros that happen while conversion
		{
			std::cout << "Error parsing line: " << line << "\n";
			std::cout << "Reason: " << e.what() << "\n";	//giving a proper reasing why the parsing error happened
		}
	}

	std::cout << "\nLoaded " << Library.size() << " books from file\n\n";	//informing the user how many books have been loaded

	int maxID = 0;
	for (const Book& book : Library) {
		if (book.getID() > maxID) maxID = book.getID();
	}
	nextID = maxID + 1;  // Update global counter
}