From cedf585eb748939b3676bbc0da25533529aeb977 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Zin Nam <zin@posteo.de>
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2026 13:16:29 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Fuzz the replay of a recomputed authorization

Two targets for verified-derivation, which reads untrusted packages:
`derivation`, and `derivation_signed`, which signs every statement
again so that the preparation, the guards, the call into Cedar and the
contract evaluation are reached. Both assert that a replay is
repeatable and that what it reports is consistent: a commitment is the
digest of its core, a definite authorization names no failed guard,
agrees with Cedar's own answer and stands beside no evaluation error.

Seeds come from the example packages. The fuzz workspace allows the two
licences of Cedar's graph, as the tool's does.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01ByMeGbW8csxqgxHZM89s4c
---
 .github/workflows/fuzz.yml               |    2 +
 docs/decisions/0016-derivation-replay.md |    7 +-
 fuzz/Cargo.lock                          | 1486 +++++++++++++++++++++-
 fuzz/Cargo.toml                          |   15 +
 fuzz/README.md                           |    4 +-
 fuzz/deny.toml                           |   14 +-
 fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation.rs          |   20 +
 fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation_signed.rs   |   27 +
 fuzz/seeds.sh                            |   14 +
 fuzz/src/checks.rs                       |   51 +
 10 files changed, 1570 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation.rs
 create mode 100644 fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation_signed.rs

diff --git a/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml b/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml
index fc1f262..7f726ca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fuzz.yml
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ jobs:
           - canonical
           - contract
           - countersign
+          - derivation
+          - derivation_signed
           - issue
           - package
           - registered_unit
diff --git a/docs/decisions/0016-derivation-replay.md b/docs/decisions/0016-derivation-replay.md
index 0af156b..ca365e5 100644
--- a/docs/decisions/0016-derivation-replay.md
+++ b/docs/decisions/0016-derivation-replay.md
@@ -94,8 +94,11 @@ protocol version.
   within the size limits that are expensive to evaluate. Until that is
   done, replay belongs on the machine of the party that wants the answer,
   not in a service that accepts packages from others.
-- **A fuzz target.** The crate reads untrusted packages and has none yet
-  (ADR 0014).
+- **A long fuzzing campaign.** The crate reads untrusted packages. It has
+  two fuzz targets, `derivation` and `derivation_signed` (ADR 0014), which
+  run for 30 seconds on every change and for ten minutes in the weekly
+  campaign. That shows what those runs show. A slow input in the engine
+  would appear there as a timeout, since its time is not bounded.
 - **Request context, policy templates and entity tags.** Unsupported: a
   package that needs one is undetermined.
 - **Producing a package.** This tool replays; it does not derive and write.
diff --git a/fuzz/Cargo.lock b/fuzz/Cargo.lock
index 7b3db75..74e65aa 100644
--- a/fuzz/Cargo.lock
+++ b/fuzz/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,18 +2,102 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "aho-corasick"
+version = "1.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c982642fa9e8606056828ee9a8505737230110bb1099153c79efe865c59d12ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android_system_properties"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ae221649c9976a6f6c56ae1facf410f3ddb33cc661c4b7b61020a912d4237fbc"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ar_archive_writer"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "73cd58deff2140a0a8eae87e417bd01db68a33e148aa93d1e8cd837e55e312b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "object",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arbitrary"
 version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3bc62ac97cc33321f50863d514c3bc38a453947a8f9e781137e47c7401020aed"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayvec"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b62fc65de8e4e7f52534fb52b0f3ed04746ae267519eef2a83941e8085068b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ascii-canvas"
+version = "4.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef1e3e699d84ab1b0911a1010c5c106aa34ae89aeac103be5ce0c3859db1e891"
+dependencies = [
+ "term",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.23.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac07cdecf99051d9a5238b80f35af32cdeba5b336e55d957b318b50137e18da5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-vec"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ded4057c258ba199e2d26386d3af3780957ecaee6c4ef4041c6b4b8b97c0b06"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "block-buffer"
 version = "0.12.1"
@@ -23,6 +107,37 @@ dependencies = [
  "hybrid-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "borsh"
+version = "1.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "553c5d846a6ba5150c65e3b1b8ec073bcf1abc20f9b7220de384a4443ea4e20a"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "cfg_aliases",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bs58"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bf88ba1141d185c399bee5288d850d63b8369520c1eafc32a0430b5b6c287bf4"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bumpalo"
+version = "3.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytes"
+version = "1.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc652a48c352aef3ea3aed32080501cf3ef6ed5da78602a020c991775b0aff04"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
 version = "1.7.0"
@@ -35,12 +150,93 @@ dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cedar-policy"
+version = "4.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e5ac4e9c213c70c8bba1b4e7c93143129b889c44bb52de70f0498377373e4df"
+dependencies = [
+ "cedar-policy-core",
+ "cedar-policy-formatter",
+ "itertools",
+ "linked-hash-map",
+ "miette",
+ "ref-cast",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_with",
+ "smol_str",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cedar-policy-core"
+version = "4.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "80d3a8fa85292d3b6cbbaeffd9fa776dde108c55d50f138cfd0d078949309621"
+dependencies = [
+ "chrono",
+ "educe",
+ "either",
+ "itertools",
+ "lalrpop",
+ "lalrpop-util",
+ "linked-hash-map",
+ "linked_hash_set",
+ "miette",
+ "nonempty",
+ "ref-cast",
+ "regex",
+ "rustc-literal-escaper",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_with",
+ "smol_str",
+ "stacker",
+ "thiserror",
+ "unicode-security",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cedar-policy-formatter"
+version = "4.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c34306a24ad75b78fb39de84f182352918bf5ca1f4066a465bafc4a4ebf44fdc"
+dependencies = [
+ "cedar-policy-core",
+ "itertools",
+ "logos",
+ "miette",
+ "pretty",
+ "regex",
+ "smol_str",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4e7648175b45a9a48536d676f68d918270699102aa8dab5496df06904c914600"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f079e83a288787bcd14a6aea84cee5c87a67c5a3e660c30f557a3d24761b3527"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "chrono"
+version = "0.4.45"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1aa79e62e7697b8e29b513a68abacf485adcd1fe8284a4316c5ae868e6633327"
+dependencies = [
+ "iana-time-zone",
+ "num-traits",
+ "serde",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cmov"
 version = "0.5.4"
@@ -53,6 +249,21 @@ version = "0.10.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a6ef517f0926dd24a1582492c791b6a4818a4d94e789a334894aa15b0d12f55c"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation-sys"
+version = "0.8.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "59ed5838eebb26a2bb2e58f6d5b5316989ae9d08bab10e0e6d103e656d1b0280"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -62,6 +273,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
 version = "0.2.2"
@@ -87,9 +308,9 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b5eed333089e2e1c1ac8c6c0398e5e2497b4c9926ca6d0365ed1e099afa5bc23"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.1",
  "curve25519-dalek-derive",
- "digest",
+ "digest 0.11.3",
  "fiat-crypto",
  "rustc_version",
  "subtle",
@@ -106,144 +327,959 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.119",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "darling"
+version = "0.24.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed17f5901b6630b993ca003def43f2f8ef4014fc13b047b57aad617ff32bc2ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core",
+ "darling_macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_core"
+version = "0.24.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6837e2cf7485aaae18f86181d2f0e9a7ed297a025e220aeabf63fdebd3a2ddff"
+dependencies = [
+ "ident_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "strsim",
+ "syn 3.0.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_macro"
+version = "0.24.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2ac7135c3ef02b2f7833bbeb1be5ba7f966dcde8a87c6b87f65a778d71a02785"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "defmt"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2953bfe4f93bbd20cc71198842756f77d161884c99ebbabc41d80231ded88d1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "defmt-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "defmt-macros"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bad9c72e7ca2137e0dc3813245a0d282fd6daad32fd800af018306a9169b5fe8"
+dependencies = [
+ "defmt-parser",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "defmt-parser"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "10d60334b3b2e7c9d91ef8150abfb6fa4c1c39ebbcf4a81c2e346aad939fee3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "deranged"
+version = "0.5.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e9de72ce2ad1f90dc62fa25f0f430ef85eb4b0d8fa0be4f30373bc40a21d28e"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer 0.10.4",
+ "crypto-common 0.1.7",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.11.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f1dd6dbb5841937940781866fa1281a1ff7bd3bf827091440879f9994983d5c2"
 dependencies = [
- "block-buffer",
+ "block-buffer 0.12.1",
  "const-oid",
- "crypto-common",
+ "crypto-common 0.2.2",
  "ctutils",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dyn-clone"
+version = "1.0.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d0881ea181b1df73ff77ffaaf9c7544ecc11e82fba9b5f27b262a3c73a332555"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ed25519"
 version = "3.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "29fcf32e6c73d1079f83ab4d782de2d81620346a5f38c6237a86a22f8368980a"
+checksum = "29fcf32e6c73d1079f83ab4d782de2d81620346a5f38c6237a86a22f8368980a"
+dependencies = [
+ "signature",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ed25519-dalek"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ebaa1a2bf1290ab3bfe5a7b771d050ebffab2711c19a81691c683a5144a25de"
+dependencies = [
+ "curve25519-dalek",
+ "ed25519",
+ "sha2",
+ "subtle",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "educe"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d7bc049e1bd8cdeb31b68bbd586a9464ecf9f3944af3958a7a9d0f8b9799417"
+dependencies = [
+ "enum-ordinalize",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "either"
+version = "1.19.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0e9c71c2167ca323c882b99918929403426e2373ea17242ff5653e0d5e1058be"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ena"
+version = "0.14.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eabffdaee24bd1bf95c5ef7cec31260444317e72ea56c4c91750e8b7ee58d5f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enum-ordinalize"
+version = "4.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "89dd01549b09589510cf0647475075d12071456586d70f5c75c98ae2a5537677"
+dependencies = [
+ "enum-ordinalize-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enum-ordinalize-derive"
+version = "4.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a65863d15a4ce2888bd2f0f543cc963d3879c3a022c8ee43f6141d479a3ac815"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.7",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "equivalent"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "877a4ace8713b0bcf2a4e7eec82529c029f1d0619886d18145fea96c3ffe5c0f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fiat-crypto"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "64cd1e32ddd350061ae6edb1b082d7c54915b5c672c389143b9a63403a109f24"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "find-msvc-tools"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aedcfb3409746eddb02b9e19ebda1c3394f759a152e48ee875a0844d1b955484"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fixedbitset"
+version = "0.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d674e81391d1e1ab681a28d99df07927c6d4aa5b027d7da16ba32d1d21ecd99"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fnv"
+version = "1.0.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f9eec918d3f24069decb9af1554cad7c880e2da24a9afd88aca000531ab82c1"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-core"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92d699e522242e69e3003b94ecc1f960f3a5e015aa7c5d7486e65ad01dd94f5e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-task"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd417de3d1d015fc3bfd2b1ea46dfc7bab72ef86f1cc7cc9c78e728b34a6d1fd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-util"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0d50a92467f8ba5dd6e3ee5d4bd04d73ab2e4e1c44474a0674821dfce14b79bc"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-task",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
+version = "0.14.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
+dependencies = [
+ "typenum",
+ "version_check",
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+checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "r-efi",
+ "semver",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "hmac"
-version = "0.13.0"
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6303bc9732ae41b04cb554b844a762b4115a61bfaa81e3e83050991eeb56863f"
+checksum = "cf54715a573b99ac80df0bc206da022bcd442c974952c7b9720069370852e21f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "same-file"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
 dependencies = [
- "digest",
+ "winapi-util",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "hybrid-array"
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+name = "schemars"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+checksum = "4cd191f9397d57d581cddd31014772520aa448f65ef991055d7f61582c65165f"
 dependencies = [
- "typenum",
+ "dyn-clone",
+ "ref-cast",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "jobserver"
-version = "0.1.35"
+name = "schemars"
+version = "1.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1c00acbd29eabad4a2392fa0e921c874934dbbf4194312ad20f04a0ed67a3cb3"
+checksum = "ab508826f74a77ca9d5aba6ff19b522583ee3eaf28a19384ff3d0e5835fadf6e"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "libc",
+ "dyn-clone",
+ "ref-cast",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.190"
+name = "scopeguard"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ce5d3ddc6d3fa000eb1536d85e147bfe31aacaba692ed6a876f95cb7c855be78"
+checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "libfuzzer-sys"
-version = "0.4.13"
+name = "semver"
+version = "1.0.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a9fd2f41a1cba099f79a0b6b6c35656cf7c03351a7bae8ff0f28f25270f929d2"
+checksum = "8a7852d02fc848982e0c167ef163aaff9cd91dc640ba85e263cb1ce46fae51cd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde"
+version = "1.0.229"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4148590afebada386688f18773da617792bf2ef03ffc1e4cbd2b1d45b023e0ba"
 dependencies = [
- "arbitrary",
- "cc",
+ "serde_core",
+ "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.107"
+name = "serde_core"
+version = "1.0.229"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "985e7ec9bb745e6ce6535b544d84d6cd6f7ad8bd711c398938ae983b91a766d9"
+checksum = "67dca2c9c51e58a4791a4b1ed58308b39c64224d349a935ab5039aa360942a48"
 dependencies = [
- "unicode-ident",
+ "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.47"
+name = "serde_derive"
+version = "1.0.229"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fbf4db142a473a8d80c26bbf18454ed458bf8d26c8219c331daecfdbd079001"
+checksum = "e7a5d71263a5a7d47b41f6b3f06ba276f10cc18b0931f1799f710578e2309348"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.7",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "r-efi"
-version = "6.0.0"
+name = "serde_json"
+version = "1.0.154"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
+checksum = "e7e9cc8b1b85264074fbcc02a88680c4096b1e47df8f739dceb03bf482f04bd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash",
+ "indexmap 2.14.2",
+ "itoa",
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+ "zmij",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rustc_version"
-version = "0.4.1"
+name = "serde_with"
+version = "3.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
+checksum = "df9adc193c780ef8f159aee8b61e2d5801aaa555e6eb0947fe45530ec506296f"
 dependencies = [
- "semver",
+ "base64",
+ "bs58",
+ "chrono",
+ "hex",
+ "indexmap 1.9.3",
+ "indexmap 2.14.2",
+ "jiff",
+ "schemars 0.9.0",
+ "schemars 1.2.3",
+ "serde_core",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_with_macros",
+ "time",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "semver"
-version = "1.0.28"
+name = "serde_with_macros"
+version = "3.24.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a7852d02fc848982e0c167ef163aaff9cd91dc640ba85e263cb1ce46fae51cd"
+checksum = "3e17bbc68e28663bbbb90df47e058aa7eda4fb445b89fe70457bb94fbccf6e49"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.7",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sha2"
@@ -252,8 +1288,18 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "446ba717509524cb3f22f17ecc096f10f4822d76ab5c0b9822c5f9c284e825f4"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
- "digest",
+ "cpufeatures 0.3.1",
+ "digest 0.11.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha3"
+version = "0.10.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77fd7028345d415a4034cf8777cd4f8ab1851274233b45f84e3d955502d93874"
+dependencies = [
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "keccak",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -268,6 +1314,65 @@ version = "3.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "28d567dcbaf0049cb8ac2608a76cd95ff9e4412e1899d389ee400918ca7537f5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "siphasher"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "33f4fe9184a62d842c9ef383018f3306d8ba224fd9d836f56d7288308847c256"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "slab"
+version = "0.4.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smallvec"
+version = "1.16.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b3dc8af474f516a851ff4bd12db780f948b9250ad37211e4eec0bccea54e01b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smol_str"
+version = "0.3.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4aaa7368fcf4852a4c2dd92df0cace6a71f2091ca0a23391ce7f3a31833f1523"
+dependencies = [
+ "borsh",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "stacker"
+version = "0.1.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "707f49d46706bacf8a2b00d51dace3f9de527c13eec3778f570c411f89e69967"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "psm",
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "string_cache"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bf776ba3fa74f83bf4b63c3dcbbf82173db2632ed8452cb2d891d33f459de70f"
+dependencies = [
+ "new_debug_unreachable",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "phf_shared",
+ "precomputed-hash",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "strsim"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "subtle"
 version = "2.6.1"
@@ -296,6 +1401,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "term"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8c27177b12a6399ffc08b98f76f7c9a1f4fe9fc967c784c5a071fa8d93cf7e1"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
 version = "2.0.21"
@@ -316,6 +1430,48 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 3.0.7",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "time"
+version = "0.3.55"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cdb87b95ec50ddfa440816d227a17b2ccbdda963a316a727fda0fc4334f7d134"
+dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
+ "num-conv",
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde_core",
+ "time-core",
+ "time-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time-core"
+version = "0.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e1c906769ad99c88eaa54e728060edef082f8e358ff32030cb7c7d315e81109"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time-macros"
+version = "0.2.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7e689342a48d2ea927c87ea50cabf8594854bf940e9310208848d680d668ed85"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-conv",
+ "time-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinyvec"
+version = "1.13.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fd3ca314f692efd6c868f8408f53fe444634a845f96c028b97d35f6a1f79f0ee"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "typed-arena"
+version = "2.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6af6ae20167a9ece4bcb41af5b80f8a1f1df981f6391189ce00fd257af04126a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typenum"
 version = "1.20.1"
@@ -328,6 +1484,49 @@ version = "1.0.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d245f478577f809a851594d02313b640fb437e0bb33866753cff937863096954"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-normalization"
+version = "0.1.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5fd4f6878c9cb28d874b009da9e8d183b5abc80117c40bbd187a1fde336be6e8"
+dependencies = [
+ "tinyvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-script"
+version = "0.5.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "383ad40bb927465ec0ce7720e033cb4ca06912855fc35db31b5755d0de75b1ee"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-security"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2e4ddba1535dd35ed8b61c52166b7155d7f4e4b8847cec6f48e71dc66d8b5e50"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-normalization",
+ "unicode-script",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "verified-canonical"
 version = "0.1.4"
@@ -343,6 +1542,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "verified-canonical",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "verified-derivation"
+version = "0.1.4"
+dependencies = [
+ "cedar-policy",
+ "serde_json",
+ "verified-canonical",
+ "verified-contract",
+ "verified-protocol",
+ "verified-verifier",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "verified-fuzz"
 version = "0.0.0"
@@ -352,6 +1563,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libfuzzer-sys",
  "verified-canonical",
  "verified-contract",
+ "verified-derivation",
  "verified-protocol",
  "verified-verifier",
  "verified-work-unit",
@@ -387,3 +1599,147 @@ dependencies = [
  "verified-canonical",
  "verified-protocol",
 ]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "version_check"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "walkdir"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "29790946404f91d9c5d06f9874efddea1dc06c5efe94541a7d6863108e3a5e4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "same-file",
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9bb54f33acc68fd454578d9820b0bde1a1a3d17aa17bb7b6595806d02886d409"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustversion",
+ "wasm-bindgen-macro",
+ "wasm-bindgen-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2e29d0c35b16e224a7eeb5cd2d25e3e1968fbd65604117b44d3b789d00ee8535"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6f501a8bc3719dba86ef8ae4728879c08001bea749eb1333ac5b91e040e2a6b7"
+dependencies = [
+ "bumpalo",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.7",
+ "wasm-bindgen-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23f0c9c52aa7cd7d77769a4cfe2a9adb1b331f489a41d912ce14513d5ab995c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-util"
+version = "0.1.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.62.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8e83a14d34d0623b51dce9581199302a221863196a1dde71a7663a4c2be9deb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-result"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7781fa89eaf60850ac3d2da7af8e5242a5ea78d1a11c49bf2910bb5a73853eb5"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7837d08f69c77cf6b07689544538e017c1bfcf57e34b4c0ff58e6c2cd3b37091"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.61.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ae137229bcbd6cdf0f7b80a31df61766145077ddf49416a728b02cb3921ff3fc"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zmij"
+version = "1.0.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "29666d0abbfad1e3dc4dcf6144730dd3a3ab225bbbdac83319345b1b44ccfc1b"
diff --git a/fuzz/Cargo.toml b/fuzz/Cargo.toml
index 21d4995..dc97b0a 100644
--- a/fuzz/Cargo.toml
+++ b/fuzz/Cargo.toml
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ ed25519-dalek = { version = "3.0.0", default-features = false }
 libfuzzer-sys = "0.4.12"
 verified-canonical = { path = "../crates/verified-canonical" }
 verified-contract = { path = "../crates/verified-contract" }
+verified-derivation = { path = "../crates/verified-derivation" }
 verified-protocol = { path = "../crates/verified-protocol" }
 verified-verifier = { path = "../crates/verified-verifier" }
 verified-work-unit = { path = "../crates/verified-work-unit" }
@@ -117,3 +118,17 @@ path = "fuzz_targets/statement_signed.rs"
 test = false
 doc = false
 bench = false
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "derivation"
+path = "fuzz_targets/derivation.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
+bench = false
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "derivation_signed"
+path = "fuzz_targets/derivation_signed.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
+bench = false
diff --git a/fuzz/README.md b/fuzz/README.md
index 37370cb..07ee82b 100644
--- a/fuzz/README.md
+++ b/fuzz/README.md
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ toolchain. Building, testing or installing the tool needs none of it.
 | `registered_unit` | a unit key, an agreement, a claim, the claim's inputs | the check is repeatable |
 | `issue` | a trust registry and a draft: a contract, a claim, signed evidence | issuing is repeatable; an issued package is canonical and a verifier with the same registry accepts it with the same complete report |
 | `countersign` | a trust registry, countersignatures and a package | a verified package has a signing input; a countersigned package keeps its identifier and verifies with an issuer signature that counts |
+| `derivation` | a trust registry and a replay package (draft) | a replay is repeatable; every commitment is the digest of its core; a definite authorization names no failed guard, agrees with Cedar's own answer and stands beside no evaluation error |
+| `derivation_signed` | the examples' test keys, then the input of `derivation` | the same, after every statement signed by a test key is signed again over the changed content |
 
 A target that takes several texts takes them one per line; each target's
 source states its format. Trust configuration is part of the input so that a
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ Without seeds a run is of little use: see the next section.
 
 ## What a run does and does not show
 
-- **The fuzzer cannot sign, so three targets sign for it.** A changed byte
+- **The fuzzer cannot sign, so four targets sign for it.** A changed byte
   in a signed object makes its signature invalid. The `_signed` targets take
   the corpus's test keys (`{ keyId: seedHex }`, published there as
   test-only) on a first line and make every signature by them again over
diff --git a/fuzz/deny.toml b/fuzz/deny.toml
index faf2c53..b48dde3 100644
--- a/fuzz/deny.toml
+++ b/fuzz/deny.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # workspace. Run from the repository root:
 #   cargo deny --manifest-path fuzz/Cargo.toml --config fuzz/deny.toml check
 #
-# It is ../deny.toml with one more license. Nothing here is linked into the
+# It is ../deny.toml with one more license, NCSA. Nothing here is linked into the
 # tool or distributed with it.
 
 [graph]
@@ -18,7 +18,17 @@ yanked = "deny"
 version = 2
 # NCSA: libFuzzer, as packaged by libfuzzer-sys. Allowed for the fuzz targets
 # only (docs/decisions/0014-fuzzing.md).
-allow = ["Apache-2.0", "BSD-3-Clause", "MIT", "NCSA", "Unicode-3.0"]
+# Zlib and Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception: the Cedar policy engine's graph, as in
+# ../deny.toml (docs/decisions/0016-derivation-replay.md).
+allow = [
+    "Apache-2.0",
+    "Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception",
+    "BSD-3-Clause",
+    "MIT",
+    "NCSA",
+    "Unicode-3.0",
+    "Zlib",
+]
 confidence-threshold = 0.93
 
 [licenses.private]
diff --git a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation.rs b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0ce1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//! Replaying a recomputed authorization (draft): a trust registry on the
+//! first line, then a replay package.
+//!
+//! Beyond not panicking: a replay is a function of its input. Whatever it
+//! arrives at, reproduced or not, it arrives at again.
+//!
+//! The fuzzer cannot sign, so nearly every changed package stops at its
+//! first statement. `derivation_signed` signs again and reaches the rest.
+
+#![no_main]
+
+use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
+use verified_fuzz::{checks, head};
+
+fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
+    let (registry, package) = head(data);
+    checks::derivation(registry, package);
+});
diff --git a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation_signed.rs b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation_signed.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58d98cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/derivation_signed.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//! Replaying a recomputed authorization (draft), signed again. See
+//! `checks::derivation` for what is asserted.
+//!
+//! The first line holds test keys, `{ keyId: seedHex }`; then a trust
+//! registry; then a replay package. Every statement signed by one of the
+//! keys is signed again over its content as the fuzzer left it, so the
+//! preparation, the guards, the call into Cedar and the contract evaluation
+//! see authentic statements with arbitrary content. A statement's body is
+//! committed to by a digest inside the statement, which is not made again:
+//! a changed body is read as a body that was not signed.
+
+#![no_main]
+
+use libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target;
+use verified_fuzz::{checks, head, json, resign::Keys};
+
+fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
+    let (keys, rest) = head(data);
+    let (registry, package) = head(rest);
+    let Some(package) = json(package) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let signed = Keys::from_line(keys).resign(&package).to_canonical_string();
+    checks::derivation(registry, signed.as_bytes());
+});
diff --git a/fuzz/seeds.sh b/fuzz/seeds.sh
index c213e04..f00c9c8 100755
--- a/fuzz/seeds.sh
+++ b/fuzz/seeds.sh
@@ -73,6 +73,20 @@ for package in "$examples"/*.json; do
          ($trust[0] | tojson) + "\n[]\n" + $text' "$package"
 done | emit countersign example
 
+# Replay packages (draft): the registry, then the package; and for the
+# target that signs again, the examples' test keys first. The examples are
+# synthetic and their keys are derived from these seeds, which are test-only.
+replay=$here/../examples/derivation-replay
+replay_keys='{"test-erp-1":"'$(printf '41%.0s' $(seq 32))'","test-compliance-1":"'$(printf '42%.0s' $(seq 32))'","test-identity-directory-1":"'$(printf '43%.0s' $(seq 32))'","test-policy-store-1":"'$(printf '44%.0s' $(seq 32))'","test-authorization-recomputation-1":"'$(printf '45%.0s' $(seq 32))'","test-erp-archive-1":"'$(printf '46%.0s' $(seq 32))'"}'
+for case in "$replay"/[0-9]*.json; do
+    jq -c --slurpfile trust "$replay/trust.json" \
+        '($trust[0] | tojson) + "\n" + (.package | tojson)' "$case"
+done | emit derivation example
+mkdir -p "$out/derivation_signed"
+for seed in "$out/derivation"/*; do
+    { printf '%s\n' "$replay_keys"; cat "$seed"; } > "$out/derivation_signed/${seed##*/}"
+done
+
 corpus=${VERIFIED_CONFORMANCE_DIR:-}
 if [ -z "$corpus" ]; then
     echo "VERIFIED_CONFORMANCE_DIR is not set: seeded from the examples only" >&2
diff --git a/fuzz/src/checks.rs b/fuzz/src/checks.rs
index ec2207d..a9f8731 100644
--- a/fuzz/src/checks.rs
+++ b/fuzz/src/checks.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 //! so the two differ only in what reaches it.
 
 use verified_canonical::Value;
+use verified_derivation::replay;
 use verified_verifier::Trust;
 use verified_verifier::evidence::{Anchor, admit, authenticate, verify_chain};
 use verified_verifier::registration::RegistrationTrust;
@@ -113,3 +114,53 @@ pub fn statement(data: &[u8]) {
         let _ = admitted.manifest(&Value::Null, &Value::Null, &Value::Null, &Value::Null);
     }
 }
+
+/// A trust registry and a replay package (draft). A replay is a function of
+/// its input; and what it reports is consistent with itself: every
+/// commitment is the digest of its core, a definite authorization names no
+/// failed guard, and Cedar's own answer agrees with a definite outcome. So
+/// no answer the engine gave beside an evaluation error is ever an outcome.
+pub fn derivation(registry: &[u8], package: &[u8]) {
+    let Some(Ok(trust)) = json(registry).map(|registry| Trust::from_value(&registry)) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let Some(package) = json(package) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let first = replay(&package, &trust);
+    let again = replay(&package, &trust);
+    assert_eq!(
+        first
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|replayed| (replayed.commitment, replayed.decision.clone())),
+        again
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|replayed| (replayed.commitment, replayed.decision.clone())),
+        "a replay is not repeatable"
+    );
+    let Ok(replayed) = first else {
+        return;
+    };
+    assert_eq!(replayed.core.digest(), replayed.commitment);
+    for derivation in &replayed.derivations {
+        assert_eq!(derivation.core.digest(), derivation.commitment);
+        let errors = member(&derivation.diagnostics, "errors")
+            .and_then(Value::as_array)
+            .map_or(0, <[Value]>::len);
+        match derivation.outcome {
+            "ALLOW" => assert_eq!(derivation.engine_decision, Some("Allow")),
+            "DENY" => assert_eq!(derivation.engine_decision, Some("Deny")),
+            _ => assert!(
+                !derivation.reasons.is_empty(),
+                "undetermined without a reason"
+            ),
+        }
+        if derivation.outcome != "UNDETERMINED" {
+            assert!(
+                derivation.reasons.is_empty(),
+                "a definite outcome with a failed guard"
+            );
+            assert_eq!(errors, 0, "a definite outcome beside an evaluation error");
+        }
+    }
+}