diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f876ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Ruby ${{ matrix.ruby }} / Rails ${{ matrix.rails }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        ruby: ["3.3", "3.4", "4.0"]
+        rails: ["~> 8.0.0", "~> 8.1.0"]
+    env:
+      RAILS_VERSION: ${{ matrix.rails }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
+          bundler-cache: true
+      - name: Run specs
+        run: bundle exec rspec
diff --git a/.rspec b/.rspec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c99d2e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.rspec
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+--require spec_helper
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index a01d453..0000000
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-language: ruby
-rvm:
-  - 2.4.1
diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG
index d7389ad..f966042 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG
+++ b/CHANGELOG
@@ -1,3 +1,28 @@
+= 5.0.0
+  * performance optimizations across routing helpers, request introspection, and instance variable access
+  * the instance variable read/written by #resource and #resources is now the one named by the resource
+    specification.  This means overriding #resource_name / #resources_name no longer changes which
+    instance variable those accessors use
+  * RequestPathIntrospection matches the current route segment literally (Regexp.escape), and no longer
+    keeps a process-wide cache of compiled segment regexps
+  * the spec suite runs under any RAILS_ENV, and the specs for the route mapping error messages, which
+    previously failed, were fixed
+  * development setup no longer needs Gemfile.lock.development: run bundle install
+  * CI moved from Travis to GitHub Actions, testing Ruby 3.3, 3.4 and 4.0 against Rails 8.0 and 8.1
+  * ResourceService#respond_to? now reports the proxy's own methods - it always returned false for
+    them, because a BasicObject has no #respond_to? for it to fall back on
+  * named route helpers are exposed through #respond_to_missing? rather than by overriding #respond_to?
+  * route_name.pluralize is memoised per controller: inflection was the most expensive operation on
+    the named route helper path
+  * lib is now frozen_string_literal: true
+  * removed the dead Rails 2 find_filter branch, spec/verify_rcov.rb, and the Rakefile's rake/rdoctask
+    fallback
+  * removed the spec:make_test_app / spec:rspec_generated_specs tasks: they generated a Rails 2-5 era
+    app and could no longer run
+  * gem packaging: added the MIT license and gem metadata, dropped the stale rubygems_version, and
+    s.files no longer ships the specs, CI config and other development files
+  * require Rails >= 8.0 and Ruby >= 3.3, dropping support for older versions
+
 = 4.0.0
   * replace remaining regex-based routing checks with string helpers for better performance
 
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index f6a560f..83f8a77 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
-source :rubygems
+source "https://rubygems.org"
 
-gemspec
\ No newline at end of file
+gemspec
+
+# CI exercises the oldest and the newest supported Rails releases by setting
+# RAILS_VERSION, e.g. RAILS_VERSION='~> 8.0.0' bundle install && bundle exec rspec
+rails_version = ENV["RAILS_VERSION"].to_s
+gem "rails", rails_version unless rails_version.empty?
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock.development b/Gemfile.lock.development
deleted file mode 100644
index fa81018..0000000
--- a/Gemfile.lock.development
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-PATH
-  remote: .
-  specs:
-    rc_rails (3.0.0)
-      rails (>= 5.1.1)
-
-GEM
-  remote: http://rubygems.org/
-  specs:
-    actioncable (5.1.1)
-      actionpack (= 5.1.1)
-      nio4r (~> 2.0)
-      websocket-driver (~> 0.6.1)
-    actionmailer (5.1.1)
-      actionpack (= 5.1.1)
-      actionview (= 5.1.1)
-      activejob (= 5.1.1)
-      mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
-    actionpack (5.1.1)
-      actionview (= 5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-      rack (~> 2.0)
-      rack-test (~> 0.6.3)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
-      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
-    actionview (5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-      builder (~> 3.1)
-      erubi (~> 1.4)
-      rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
-      rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.3)
-    activejob (5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-      globalid (>= 0.3.6)
-    activemodel (5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-    activerecord (5.1.1)
-      activemodel (= 5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-      arel (~> 8.0)
-    activesupport (5.1.1)
-      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
-      i18n (~> 0.7)
-      minitest (~> 5.1)
-      tzinfo (~> 1.1)
-    arel (8.0.0)
-    builder (3.2.3)
-    concurrent-ruby (1.0.5)
-    diff-lcs (1.3)
-    erubi (1.6.0)
-    globalid (0.4.0)
-      activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
-    i18n (0.8.4)
-    loofah (2.0.3)
-      nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
-    mail (2.6.6)
-      mime-types (>= 1.16, < 4)
-    method_source (0.8.2)
-    mime-types (3.1)
-      mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
-    mime-types-data (3.2016.0521)
-    mini_portile2 (2.2.0)
-    minitest (5.10.2)
-    nio4r (2.1.0)
-    nokogiri (1.8.0)
-      mini_portile2 (~> 2.2.0)
-    rack (2.0.3)
-    rack-test (0.6.3)
-      rack (>= 1.0)
-    rails (5.1.1)
-      actioncable (= 5.1.1)
-      actionmailer (= 5.1.1)
-      actionpack (= 5.1.1)
-      actionview (= 5.1.1)
-      activejob (= 5.1.1)
-      activemodel (= 5.1.1)
-      activerecord (= 5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-      bundler (>= 1.3.0, < 2.0)
-      railties (= 5.1.1)
-      sprockets-rails (>= 2.0.0)
-    rails-controller-testing (1.0.2)
-      actionpack (~> 5.x, >= 5.0.1)
-      actionview (~> 5.x, >= 5.0.1)
-      activesupport (~> 5.x)
-    rails-dom-testing (2.0.3)
-      activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
-      nokogiri (>= 1.6)
-    rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.3)
-      loofah (~> 2.0)
-    railties (5.1.1)
-      actionpack (= 5.1.1)
-      activesupport (= 5.1.1)
-      method_source
-      rake (>= 0.8.7)
-      thor (>= 0.18.1, < 2.0)
-    rake (12.0.0)
-    rspec (3.6.0)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.6.0)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.6.0)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.6.0)
-    rspec-activemodel-mocks (1.0.3)
-      activemodel (>= 3.0)
-      activesupport (>= 3.0)
-      rspec-mocks (>= 2.99, < 4.0)
-    rspec-core (3.6.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
-    rspec-expectations (3.6.0)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
-    rspec-mocks (3.6.0)
-      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
-    rspec-rails (3.6.0)
-      actionpack (>= 3.0)
-      activesupport (>= 3.0)
-      railties (>= 3.0)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.6.0)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.6.0)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.6.0)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.6.0)
-    rspec-support (3.6.0)
-    sprockets (3.7.1)
-      concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
-      rack (> 1, < 3)
-    sprockets-rails (3.2.0)
-      actionpack (>= 4.0)
-      activesupport (>= 4.0)
-      sprockets (>= 3.0.0)
-    sqlite3 (1.3.13)
-    thor (0.19.4)
-    thread_safe (0.3.6)
-    tzinfo (1.2.3)
-      thread_safe (~> 0.1)
-    websocket-driver (0.6.5)
-      websocket-extensions (>= 0.1.0)
-    websocket-extensions (0.1.2)
-
-PLATFORMS
-  ruby
-
-DEPENDENCIES
-  rails-controller-testing
-  rc_rails!
-  rspec (>= 3)
-  rspec-activemodel-mocks
-  rspec-rails (>= 3.5)
-  sqlite3
-
-BUNDLED WITH
-   1.15.1
diff --git a/README.rdoc b/README.rdoc
index 80a739e..1f46b9a 100644
--- a/README.rdoc
+++ b/README.rdoc
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 = resources_controller
 
-{<img src="https://secure.travis-ci.org/ianwhite/resources_controller.png?branch=master" alt="Build Status" />}[http://travis-ci.org/ianwhite/resources_controller]
+{<img src="https://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg" alt="Build Status" />}[https://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller/actions/workflows/ci.yml]
 
 is a plugin to facilitate inheritance and DRYness in your resources controllers.  It introduces some abstraction to help
 you override the default RESTful functionality in a clean and simple manner.
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Add this to your Gemfile
   gem 'rc_rails'
   
 
+== Requirements
+
+Version 5.0.0 and later require Rails >= 8.0 and Ruby >= 3.3.
+
 == Rails 5 version
 
 Version 3.x of this gem is compatible with Rails 5.x
@@ -38,10 +42,13 @@ To get set up for development, do the following:
 
   git clone git://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller
   cd resources_controller
-  cp Gemfile.lock.development Gemfile.lock
-  bundle
-  rake spec
-  rake spec:rspec_generated_specs
+  bundle install
+  bundle exec rspec
+
+The specs are run against Rails 8.0 and 8.1 on GitHub Actions.  To run them against a
+particular Rails version locally, set RAILS_VERSION:
+
+  RAILS_VERSION='~> 8.0.0' bundle install && bundle exec rspec
 
 == Contributors
 
diff --git a/Rakefile b/Rakefile
index 394bf4e..34e7697 100644
--- a/Rakefile
+++ b/Rakefile
@@ -4,13 +4,8 @@ begin
 rescue LoadError
   puts 'You must `gem install bundler` and `bundle install` to run rake tasks'
 end
-begin
-  require 'rdoc/task'
-rescue LoadError
-  require 'rdoc/rdoc'
-  require 'rake/rdoctask'
-  RDoc::Task = Rake::RDocTask
-end
+
+require 'rdoc/task'
 
 RDoc::Task.new(:rdoc) do |rdoc|
   rdoc.rdoc_dir = 'rdoc'
@@ -23,7 +18,6 @@ end
 Bundler::GemHelper.install_tasks
 
 require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
-require File.expand_path('../spec/rspec_generator_task', __FILE__) # for spec:generate task
 
 task :default => [:spec]
 
diff --git a/lib/rc_rails.rb b/lib/rc_rails.rb
index b848f5c..3268906 100644
--- a/lib/rc_rails.rb
+++ b/lib/rc_rails.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'resources_controller'
 
 # BC
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller.rb b/lib/resources_controller.rb
index e9578ac..fb76d1c 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'resources_controller/active_record/saved'
 require 'resources_controller/railtie' if defined?(Rails)
 
@@ -506,11 +508,7 @@ def include_actions(mixin, options = {})
 
 private
   def load_enclosing_resources_filter_exists?
-    if respond_to?(:find_filter) # BC 2.0-stable branch
-      find_filter(:load_enclosing_resources)
-    else
-      _process_action_callbacks.detect {|c| c.filter == :load_enclosing_resources}
-    end
+    _process_action_callbacks.any? {|c| c.filter == :load_enclosing_resources}
   end
 
   module ClassMethods
@@ -557,12 +555,10 @@ def ensure_sane_wildcard
 
   module InstanceMethods
 
-    def resource_service=(service)
-      @resource_service = service
-    end
+    attr_writer :resource_service
 
     def name_prefix
-      @name_prefix ||= ''
+      @name_prefix ||= +''
     end
 
     # name of the singular resource
@@ -581,24 +577,29 @@ def resource_class
     end
 
     # returns the controller's current resource.
+    #
+    # The instance variable is named after the resource specification (see
+    # Specification#ivar_name), which is the same name #add_enclosing_resource uses
+    # for enclosing resources.  It is deliberately not derived from #resource_name,
+    # which may be overridden for params/forms - see ResourceMethods#resource_params.
     def resource
-      instance_variable_get("@#{resource_name}")
+      instance_variable_get(resource_specification.ivar_name)
     end
 
     # sets the controller's current resource, and
     # decorates the object with a save hook, so we know if it's been saved
     def resource=(record)
-      instance_variable_set("@#{resource_name}", record)
+      instance_variable_set(resource_specification.ivar_name, record)
     end
 
     # returns the controller's current resources collection
     def resources
-      instance_variable_get("@#{resources_name}")
+      instance_variable_get(resource_specification.collection_ivar_name)
     end
 
     # sets the controller's current resource collection
     def resources=(collection)
-      instance_variable_set("@#{resources_name}", collection)
+      instance_variable_set(resource_specification.collection_ivar_name, collection)
     end
 
     # returns the immediately enclosing resource
@@ -607,9 +608,7 @@ def enclosing_resource
     end
 
     # returns the name of the immediately enclosing resource
-    def enclosing_resource_name
-      @enclosing_resource_name
-    end
+    attr_reader :enclosing_resource_name
 
     # returns the resource service for the controller - this will be lazilly created
     # to a ResourceService, or a SingletonResourceService (if :singleton => true)
@@ -663,10 +662,12 @@ def save_resource
     def load_enclosing_resources
       namespace_segments.each {|segment| update_name_prefix("#{segment}_") }
       specifications.each_with_index do |spec, idx|
-        case spec
-          when '*' then load_wildcards_from(idx)
-          when /\A\?(.*)/ then load_wildcard($1)
-          else load_enclosing_resource_from_specification(spec)
+        if spec == '*'
+          load_wildcards_from(idx)
+        elsif spec.is_a?(String) && spec.start_with?('?')
+          load_wildcard(spec[1..])
+        else
+          load_enclosing_resource_from_specification(spec)
         end
       end
     end
@@ -700,7 +701,7 @@ def load_wildcards_from(start)
       encls = nesting_segments.slice(enclosing_resources.size..-1)
 
       if spec = specs.find {|s| s.is_a?(Specification)}
-        spec_seg = encls.index({:segment => spec.segment, :singleton => spec.singleton?}) or ResourcesController.raise_resource_mismatch(self)
+        spec_seg = encls.index {|e| e[:segment] == spec.segment && e[:singleton] == spec.singleton?} or ResourcesController.raise_resource_mismatch(self)
         number_of_wildcards = spec_seg - (specs.index(spec) -1)
       else
         number_of_wildcards = encls.length - (specs.length - 1)
@@ -721,22 +722,32 @@ def add_enclosing_resource(resource, options = {})
       update_name_prefix(options[:name_prefix] || (options[:name_prefix] == false ? '' : "#{name}_"))
       enclosing_resources << resource
       enclosing_collection_resources << resource unless options[:is_singleton]
-      instance_variable_set("@enclosing_resource_name", options[:name])
-      instance_variable_set("@#{name}", resource)
-      instance_variable_set("@#{options[:as]}", resource) if options[:as]
+      instance_variable_set(:@enclosing_resource_name, options[:name])
+      instance_variable_set(:"@#{name}", resource)
+      instance_variable_set(:"@#{options[:as]}", resource) if options[:as]
     end
 
     # The name prefix is used for forwarding urls and will be different depending on
     # which route the controller was invoked by.  The resource specifications build
     # up the name prefix as the resources are loaded.
-    def update_name_prefix(name_prefix)
-      @name_prefix = "#{@name_prefix}#{name_prefix}"
+    #
+    # Empty prefixes are a no-op, but @name_prefix is always left as a String once
+    # this has been called, so that #name_prefix never has to cope with nil.
+    def update_name_prefix(prefix)
+      @name_prefix ||= +''
+      return if prefix.nil? || prefix.empty?
+      @name_prefix = "#{@name_prefix}#{prefix}"
     end
   end
 
   # Proxy class to provide a consistent API for resource_service.  This is mostly
   # required for Singleton resources. Also allows decoration of the resource service with custom finders
   class ResourceService < BasicObject
+    # BasicObject has no #respond_to?, so #respond_to? below has no superclass method
+    # to fall back on to find the proxy's own methods - they have to be listed here.
+    PROXY_METHODS = [:controller, :service, :find, :new, :destroy,
+                     :resource_specification, :resource_class, :enclosing_resource].freeze
+
     attr_reader :controller
     delegate :resource_specification, :resource_class, :enclosing_resource, :to => :controller
 
@@ -775,7 +786,7 @@ def destroy(*args, **kwargs)
     end
 
     def respond_to?(method, include_private = false)
-      super || service.respond_to?(method)
+      PROXY_METHODS.include?(method.to_sym) || service.respond_to?(method, include_private)
     end
 
     def service
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/actions.rb b/lib/resources_controller/actions.rb
index 0ce86f5..166572e 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/actions.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/actions.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   # standard CRUD actions, with html and json responses, re-written to mnake best use of resources_cotroller.
   # This helps if you're writing controllers that you want to share via mixin or inheritance.
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/active_record/saved.rb b/lib/resources_controller/active_record/saved.rb
index 02e1da8..c9941d9 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/active_record/saved.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/active_record/saved.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   module ActiveRecord
     module Saved
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/helper.rb b/lib/resources_controller/helper.rb
index a13c614..08bed8f 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/helper.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/helper.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   # Often it won't be appropriate to reuse views, but
   # sometimes it is.  These helper methods enable reuse by referencing whatever resource the 
@@ -88,8 +90,8 @@ def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
     end
 
     # delegate url help method creation to the controller
-    def respond_to?(*args)
-      super(*args) || controller.resource_named_route_helper_method?(args.first)
+    def respond_to_missing?(method, include_private = false)
+      controller.resource_named_route_helper_method?(method) || super
     end
   
   private
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ def form_for_resource_options(resource, resource_name, options)
         options[:url] ||= if resource.new_record?
           controller.resource_specification.singleton? ? resource_path(*args) : resources_path(*args)
         else
-          controller.resource_specification.singleton? ? resource_path(*args) : resource_path(*([resource] + args))
+          controller.resource_specification.singleton? ? resource_path(*args) : resource_path(resource, *args)
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/include_actions.rb b/lib/resources_controller/include_actions.rb
index 5a1a2a8..3ef3246 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/include_actions.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/include_actions.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   # extension for any module that is used as an Actions module.
   #
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/named_route_helper.rb b/lib/resources_controller/named_route_helper.rb
index 75f8fdc..399b52e 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/named_route_helper.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/named_route_helper.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   
   class CantMapRoute < ArgumentError #:nodoc:
@@ -45,8 +47,8 @@ def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
       end
     end
 
-    def respond_to?(*args)
-      super(*args) || resource_named_route_helper_method?(args.first)
+    def respond_to_missing?(method, include_private = false)
+      resource_named_route_helper_method?(method) || super
     end
 
     # return true if the passed method (e.g. 'resources_path') corresponds to a defined
@@ -56,9 +58,9 @@ def resource_named_route_helper_method?(resource_method, raise_error = false)
       return false unless method_str.end_with?('_path', '_url')
 
       if method_str.include?('enclosing_resource')
-        _, route_method = *route_and_method_from_enclosing_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method_str, name_prefix)
+        _, route_method = route_and_method_from_enclosing_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method_str, name_prefix)
       elsif method_str.include?('resource')
-        _, route_method = *route_and_method_from_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method_str, name_prefix)
+        _, route_method = route_and_method_from_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method_str, name_prefix)
       else
         return false
       end
@@ -88,10 +90,11 @@ def route_and_method_from_enclosing_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method, name
       if enclosing_resource
         enclosing_route = name_prefix.delete_suffix('_')
         method_str = method.to_s
-        substitution = method_str.include?('enclosing_resources') ? enclosing_route.pluralize : enclosing_route
-        route_method = method_str.sub(method_str.include?('enclosing_resources') ? 'enclosing_resources' : 'enclosing_resource', substitution)
-        route_key = route_method.delete_suffix('_path').delete_suffix('_url')
-        return [Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get(route_key.to_sym), route_method]
+        is_plural = method_str.include?('enclosing_resources')
+        substitution = is_plural ? enclosing_route.pluralize : enclosing_route
+        route_method = method_str.sub(is_plural ? 'enclosing_resources' : 'enclosing_resource', substitution)
+        route_key = route_method.end_with?('_path') ? route_method.delete_suffix('_path') : route_method.delete_suffix('_url')
+        [Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get(route_key.to_sym), route_method]
       else
         raise NoMethodError, "Tried to map :#{method} but there is no enclosing_resource for this controller"
       end
@@ -101,11 +104,18 @@ def route_and_method_from_enclosing_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method, name
     # return the [route, route_method]  for the expanded resource
     def route_and_method_from_resource_method_and_name_prefix(method, name_prefix)
       method_str = method.to_s
-      replacement = method_str.include?('resources_') ? "#{name_prefix}#{route_name.pluralize}" : "#{name_prefix}#{route_name}"
-      route_method = method_str.sub(method_str.include?('resources_') ? 'resources' : 'resource', replacement)
-      route_key = route_method.delete_suffix('_path').delete_suffix('_url')
+      is_resources = method_str.include?('resources_')
+      replacement = "#{name_prefix}#{is_resources ? resources_route_name : route_name}"
+      route_method = method_str.sub(is_resources ? 'resources' : 'resource', replacement)
+      route_key = route_method.end_with?('_path') ? route_method.delete_suffix('_path') : route_method.delete_suffix('_url')
       [Rails.application.routes.named_routes.get(route_key.to_sym), route_method]
     end
+
+    # route_name is fixed for the life of the controller, and pluralize is the most
+    # expensive operation on this path, so it is memoised rather than run per call.
+    def resources_route_name
+      @resources_route_name ||= route_name.pluralize
+    end
     
     # defines a method that calls the appropriate named route method, with appropriate args.
     def define_resource_named_route_helper_method(method)
@@ -126,8 +136,8 @@ def resource_named_route_helper_method_for_name_prefix?(method)
     def define_resource_named_route_helper_method_for_name_prefix(method)
       method_str = method.to_s
       resource_method, name_prefix = method_str.split('_for_', 2)
-      if resource_method.match?(/enclosing_resource/)
-        route, route_method = *route_and_method_from_enclosing_resource_method_and_name_prefix(resource_method, name_prefix)
+      if resource_method.include?('enclosing_resource')
+        route, route_method = route_and_method_from_enclosing_resource_method_and_name_prefix(resource_method, name_prefix)
         required_args = (route.segment_keys - [:format, :locale]).size
 
         self.class.send :module_eval, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__
@@ -135,22 +145,22 @@ def #{method}(*args)
             options = args.extract_options!
             options.merge!(default_url_options)
             args = args.size < #{required_args} ? enclosing_collection_resources + args : enclosing_collection_resources - [enclosing_resource] + args
-            args = args + [options] if options.size > 0
+            args << options unless options.empty?
             send :#{route_method}, *args
           end
         end_eval
 
       else
-        route, route_method = *route_and_method_from_resource_method_and_name_prefix(resource_method, name_prefix)
+        route, route_method = route_and_method_from_resource_method_and_name_prefix(resource_method, name_prefix)
         required_args = (route.segment_keys - [:format, :locale]).size
 
         self.class.send :module_eval, <<-end_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__
           def #{method}(*args)
             options = args.extract_options!
             options.merge!(default_url_options)
-            #{"args = [resource] + args if enclosing_collection_resources.size + args.size < #{required_args}" if required_args > 0}
-            args = args + [options] if options.size > 0
-            send :#{route_method}, *(enclosing_collection_resources + args)
+            #{"args.unshift(resource) if enclosing_collection_resources.size + args.size < #{required_args}" if required_args > 0}
+            args << options unless options.empty?
+            send :#{route_method}, *enclosing_collection_resources, *args
           end
         end_eval
       end
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/railtie.rb b/lib/resources_controller/railtie.rb
index 4035be6..d8b384a 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/railtie.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/railtie.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   class Railtie < Rails::Railtie
     initializer 'resources_controller' do
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/request_path_introspection.rb b/lib/resources_controller/request_path_introspection.rb
index 51817b1..58c31fc 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/request_path_introspection.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/request_path_introspection.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   # included into ActionController::Base
   #
@@ -34,16 +36,27 @@ def namespace_segments
     end
     
     def param_keys
-      params.keys.map(&:to_s).select{|k| k.end_with?('_id')}
+      params.each_key.filter_map do |k|
+        k_str = k.to_s
+        k_str if k_str.end_with?('_id')
+      end
     end
     
   private
+    # Removes the current resource segment, and everything after it, from the path,
+    # e.g. '/users/1/forums/2' => '/users/1'.
+    #
+    # This is only called from #nesting_request_path, which is memoised per request,
+    # so the pattern is built at most once per request - there is no need to cache it.
+    # The segment is escaped so that it is matched literally, as in #remove_namespace.
     def remove_current_segment(path)
-      if respond_to?(:resource_specification) && resource_specification.singleton?
-        path.sub(%r(/#{current_segment}(?!.*/#{current_segment}).*$), '')
+      segment = Regexp.escape(current_segment.to_s)
+      pattern = if respond_to?(:resource_specification) && resource_specification.singleton?
+        %r(/#{segment}(?!.*/#{segment}).*$)
       else
-        path.sub(%r(/#{current_segment}(?!.+/#{current_segment}).*$), '')
+        %r(/#{segment}(?!.+/#{segment}).*$)
       end
+      path.sub(pattern, '')
     end
     
     def current_segment
@@ -60,7 +73,7 @@ def remove_namespace(path)
     
     def segments_for_path_and_keys(path, keys)
       key_segments = keys.map{|k| segment_for_key(k)}
-      path_segments = path[1..-1].to_s.split('/')
+      path_segments = path.delete_prefix('/').split('/')
       segments = []
       while path_segments.any? do
         segment = path_segments.shift
@@ -75,12 +88,13 @@ def segments_for_path_and_keys(path, keys)
     end
     
     def segment_for_key(key)
-      if respond_to?(:specifications) && spec = specifications.find{|s| s.respond_to?(:key) && s.key == key.to_s}
+      key_str = key.to_s
+      if respond_to?(:specifications) && spec = specifications.find{|s| s.respond_to?(:key) && s.key == key_str}
         spec.segment
-      elsif spec = resource_specification_map.values.find{|s| s.key == key.to_s}
+      elsif spec = resource_specification_map.values.find{|s| s.key == key_str}
         spec.segment
       else
-        key.to_s[0..-4].pluralize
+        key_str.delete_suffix('_id').pluralize
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/resource_methods.rb b/lib/resources_controller/resource_methods.rb
index 660b95e..b7713a9 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/resource_methods.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/resource_methods.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   # methods which communicate with the resource_service to find/create resources
   module ResourceMethods
@@ -30,12 +32,16 @@ def destroy_resource(id = nil)
     end
 
 
+    EXCLUDED_PARAM_COLUMNS = %w[updated_at created_at].freeze
+
     # Never trust parameters from the scary internet, only allow the white list through.
     def resource_params
-      if self.respond_to?("#{resource_name}_params", true)
-        return self.send("#{resource_name}_params")
+      method_name = "#{resource_name}_params"
+      if respond_to?(method_name, true)
+        send(method_name)
       else
-        return params.fetch(resource_name, {}).permit( *(resource_service.content_columns.map(&:name) - [ 'updated_at', 'created_at' ]) )
+        columns = resource_service.content_columns.map(&:name) - EXCLUDED_PARAM_COLUMNS
+        params.fetch(resource_name) { {} }.permit(*columns)
       end
     end
   
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/singleton_actions.rb b/lib/resources_controller/singleton_actions.rb
index d04c84a..391112c 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/singleton_actions.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/singleton_actions.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   module SingletonActions
     include Actions
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/specification.rb b/lib/resources_controller/specification.rb
index 4c49575..ae24654 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/specification.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/specification.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
   # This class holds all the info that is required to find a resource, or determine a name prefix, based on a route segment
   # or segment pair (e.g. /blog or /users/3).
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ class Specification
     class NoClassFoundError < NameError
     end
       
-    attr_reader :name, :source, :klass, :key, :name_prefix, :segment, :find
+    attr_reader :name, :source, :klass, :key, :name_prefix, :segment, :find, :ivar_name, :collection_ivar_name
     attr_accessor :as
     
     # factory for Specification and SingletonSpecification
@@ -49,12 +51,15 @@ def initialize(spec_name, options = {}, &block)
       options.assert_valid_keys(:class, :source, :key, :find, :name_prefix, :segment, :as)
       @name        = spec_name.to_s
       @find        = block || options.delete(:find)
-      @segment     = (options[:segment] && options[:segment].to_s) || name.pluralize
-      @source      = (options[:source] && options[:source].to_s) || name.pluralize
-      @name_prefix = options[:name_prefix] || (options[:name_prefix] == false ? '' : "#{name}_")
+      plural       = name.pluralize
+      @segment     = (options[:segment] && options[:segment].to_s) || plural
+      @source      = (options[:source] && options[:source].to_s) || plural
+      @name_prefix = options[:name_prefix] || (options[:name_prefix] == false ? +'' : "#{name}_")
       @klass       = options[:class] || infer_class
       @key         = (options[:key] && options[:key].to_s) || name.foreign_key
       @as          = options[:as]
+      @ivar_name   = :"@#{name}"
+      @collection_ivar_name = :"@#{plural}"
     end
 
     # returns false
diff --git a/lib/resources_controller/version.rb b/lib/resources_controller/version.rb
index 4068078..f88fefd 100644
--- a/lib/resources_controller/version.rb
+++ b/lib/resources_controller/version.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ResourcesController
-  VERSION = "4.0.0"
+  VERSION = "5.0.0"
 end
diff --git a/resources_controller.gemspec b/resources_controller.gemspec
index c06028f..5dd3581 100644
--- a/resources_controller.gemspec
+++ b/resources_controller.gemspec
@@ -8,21 +8,27 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name        = "rc_rails"
   s.version     = version
   s.platform    = Gem::Platform::RUBY
+  s.required_ruby_version = '>= 3.3'
   s.authors     = ["Ian White"]
   s.email       = "ian.w.white@gmail.com"
   s.homepage    = "http://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller"
   s.summary     = "resources_controller-#{version}"
   s.description = "rc makes RESTful controllers fun"
+  s.license     = "MIT"
 
-  s.rubygems_version   = "2.0.3"
-
-  s.files            = `git ls-files`.split("\n")
-  s.test_files       = `git ls-files -- {spec}/*`.split("\n")
+  s.files            = Dir["lib/**/*.rb", "CHANGELOG", "MIT-LICENSE", "README.rdoc"]
   s.extra_rdoc_files = [ "README.rdoc" ]
   s.rdoc_options     = ["--charset=UTF-8"]
   s.require_path     = "lib"
 
-  s.add_runtime_dependency "rails", '>= 5.1.1'
+  s.metadata = {
+    "source_code_uri"       => "https://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller",
+    "changelog_uri"         => "https://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller/blob/master/CHANGELOG",
+    "bug_tracker_uri"       => "https://github.com/ianwhite/resources_controller/issues",
+    "rubygems_mfa_required" => "true"
+  }
+
+  s.add_runtime_dependency "rails", '>= 8.0'
   s.add_development_dependency "rspec", '>= 3'
   s.add_development_dependency "rspec-rails", '>= 3.5'
   s.add_development_dependency 'rails-controller-testing'
diff --git a/spec/app.rb b/spec/app.rb
index 80cb592..42e98b1 100644
--- a/spec/app.rb
+++ b/spec/app.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class Application < Rails::Application
   end
 end
 
-ResourcesControllerTest::Application.initialize!
+ResourcesControllerTest::Application.initialize! unless ResourcesControllerTest::Application.initialized?
 
 ##########
 # Routing
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin_forums_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin_forums_controller_spec.rb
index 943af61..e4b90de 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin_forums_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin_forums_controller_spec.rb
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
 Tried to map :resource_users_path to :admin_forum_users_path,
 which doesn't exist. You may not have defined the route in config/routes.rb.
 
-Or, if you have unconventianal route names or name prefixes, you may need
-to explicictly set the :route option in resources_controller_for, and set
+Or, if you have unconventional route names or name prefixes, you may need
+to explicitly set the :route option in resources_controller_for, and set
 the :name_prefix option on your enclosing resources.
 
 Currently:
diff --git a/spec/controllers/forums_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/forums_controller_spec.rb
index 380ef5d..8fc4138 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/forums_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/forums_controller_spec.rb
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
 Tried to map :resource_users_path to :forum_users_path,
 which doesn't exist. You may not have defined the route in config/routes.rb.
 
-Or, if you have unconventianal route names or name prefixes, you may need
-to explicictly set the :route option in resources_controller_for, and set
+Or, if you have unconventional route names or name prefixes, you may need
+to explicitly set the :route option in resources_controller_for, and set
 the :name_prefix option on your enclosing resources.
 
 Currently:
diff --git a/spec/lib/load_enclosing_resources_spec.rb b/spec/lib/load_enclosing_resources_spec.rb
index 2ddacb8..c031688 100644
--- a/spec/lib/load_enclosing_resources_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/load_enclosing_resources_spec.rb
@@ -210,36 +210,13 @@ def setup_common
   end
 end
 
-# specing some branching BC code
-# find_filter disappeared from edge, but we want to support it for 2.0-stable
 describe "ResourcesController.load_enclosing_resources_filter_exists?" do
   before do
     @klass = Class.new(ActionController::Base)
   end
-  
-  describe "when :find_filter defined" do
-    before do
-      class<<@klass
-        def find_filter; end
-      end
-    end
-    
-    it "should call :find_filter with :load_enclosing_resources" do
-      expect(@klass).to receive(:find_filter).with(:load_enclosing_resources)
-      @klass.send(:load_enclosing_resources_filter_exists?)
-    end
-  end
-  
-  describe "when :find_filter not defined" do
-    before do
-      class<<@klass
-        undef_method(:find_filter) rescue nil
-      end
-    end
-        
-    it "should call :_process_action_callbacks" do
-      expect(@klass).to receive(:_process_action_callbacks).and_return([])
-      @klass.send(:load_enclosing_resources_filter_exists?)
-    end
+
+  it "should ask _process_action_callbacks" do
+    expect(@klass).to receive(:_process_action_callbacks).and_return([])
+    @klass.send(:load_enclosing_resources_filter_exists?)
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/lib/named_route_helper_spec.rb b/spec/lib/named_route_helper_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bce4e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/named_route_helper_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe "ResourcesController::NamedRouteHelper" do
+  before do
+    @controller = ForumsController.new
+  end
+
+  it "should respond to a named route helper for the current resource" do
+    expect(@controller.respond_to?(:resource_path)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@controller.respond_to?(:resources_path)).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it "should not respond to something that is not a named route helper" do
+    expect(@controller.respond_to?(:resource_nonexistent_path)).to eq(false)
+    expect(@controller.respond_to?(:not_a_route_path)).to eq(false)
+  end
+
+  # this works because the module defines respond_to_missing?, not respond_to?
+  it "should expose named route helpers through #method" do
+    expect(@controller.method(:resource_path)).to be_a(Method)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/lib/request_path_introspection_spec.rb b/spec/lib/request_path_introspection_spec.rb
index 5496991..e72b4bb 100644
--- a/spec/lib/request_path_introspection_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/request_path_introspection_spec.rb
@@ -53,6 +53,12 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base; end
         allow(@controller).to receive(:request_path).and_return('/users/1/forum/forum.atom')
         expect(@controller.send(:nesting_request_path)).to eq('/users/1/forum')
       end
+
+      it "should match the current segment literally, when it contains regexp characters" do
+        allow(@controller).to receive(:resource_specification).and_return(ResourcesController::Specification.new(:forum, :class => RequestPathIntrospectionSpec::Forum, :segment => 'v1.0'))
+        allow(@controller).to receive(:request_path).and_return('/v1X0/2')
+        expect(@controller.send(:nesting_request_path)).to eq('/v1X0/2')
+      end
       
       it "should remove any controller namespace" do
         allow(@controller).to receive(:controller_path).and_return('some/name/space/forums')
diff --git a/spec/lib/resources_controller_spec.rb b/spec/lib/resources_controller_spec.rb
index 0856c56..9c32e11 100644
--- a/spec/lib/resources_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/resources_controller_spec.rb
@@ -34,12 +34,54 @@
 describe "A controller's resource_service" do
   before do
     @controller = ForumsController.new
+    @resource_service = @controller.resource_service
   end
     
   it 'may be explicitly set with #resource_service=' do
     @controller.resource_service = 'foo'
     expect(@controller.resource_service).to eq('foo')
   end
+
+  # ResourceService is a BasicObject, so it has no #respond_to? to fall back on for
+  # its own methods (see ResourceService::PROXY_METHODS)
+  it 'should respond to its own methods' do
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:controller)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:service)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:find)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:new)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:destroy)).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it 'should respond to the methods it delegates to the controller' do
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:resource_specification)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:resource_class)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:enclosing_resource)).to eq(true)
+  end
+
+  it 'should respond to the methods of the service it proxies' do
+    expect(Forum.respond_to?(:count)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:count)).to eq(true)
+    expect(@resource_service.respond_to?(:no_such_method_at_all)).to eq(false)
+  end
+end
+
+describe "ResourcesController#update_name_prefix" do
+  before do
+    @controller = ForumsController.new
+  end
+
+  it "should accumulate the prefixes of the enclosing resources" do
+    @controller.send :update_name_prefix, 'forum_'
+    @controller.send :update_name_prefix, 'user_'
+    expect(@controller.name_prefix).to eq('forum_user_')
+  end
+
+  it "should leave name_prefix as an empty String when the given prefix is empty or nil" do
+    @controller.send :update_name_prefix, nil
+    @controller.send :update_name_prefix, ''
+    expect(@controller.instance_variable_get(:@name_prefix)).to eq('')
+    expect(@controller.name_prefix).to eq('')
+  end
 end
 
 describe "deprecated methods" do
diff --git a/spec/rspec_generator_task.rb b/spec/rspec_generator_task.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 067e0a6..0000000
--- a/spec/rspec_generator_task.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-namespace :spec do
-  desc "Run rspec's generated specs against RC'd controllers"
-  task :rspec_generated_specs => 'tmp/test_app' do
-    require 'active_support/all'
-
-    cd 'tmp/test_app' do
-      begin
-        generate_resource :author
-        migrate_up
-        make_resources_controller :author
-        puts "** Running generated controller specs"
-        sh "rake db:test:prepare"
-        sh "bundle exec rspec"
-      ensure
-        migrate_down
-        cleanup_resource :author
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  desc "make a test rails app in tmp/test_app"
-  task :make_test_app => ['spec:clobber_test_app', 'tmp/test_app' ]
-  
-  task :clobber_test_app do
-    rm_rf 'tmp/test_app'
-  end
-  
-  file 'tmp/test_app' do
-    puts "Generating test app"
-    mkdir_p "tmp"
-    cd 'tmp' do
-      system "rails new test_app --skip-listen --skip-turbolinks --skip-gemfile --skip-bundle --skip-git --skip-test-unit"
-      
-      cd 'test_app' do
-        File.open('Gemfile', 'w+') do |file|
-          file << %Q{gem 'rc_rails', :git => "#{File.expand_path('../../../..', __FILE__)}"}
-        end
-        system "bundle install --quiet"
-        system "rails generate rspec:install"
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  
-  def migrate_up
-    puts "** Migrating up"
-    `rake db:migrate`
-  end
-  
-  def migrate_down
-    puts "** Migrating down"
-    `rake db:migrate VERSION=0`
-  end
-  
-  def generate_resource(name)
-    puts "** Generating rspec_scaffold for resource: #{name}"
-    `rails generate scaffold #{name.to_s.classify}`
-  end
-  
-  def make_resources_controller(name)
-    plural = name.to_s.pluralize
-    
-    controller = <<-end_eval
-class #{plural.classify.pluralize}Controller < ApplicationController
-  resources_controller_for :#{plural}
-end
-    end_eval
-    
-    puts "** Replacing app/controllers/#{plural}_controller.rb with:\n\n#{controller}\n"
-    File.open("app/controllers/#{plural}_controller.rb", "w+") {|f| f << controller }
-  end
-  
-  def cleanup_resource(name)
-    puts "** Cleaning up generated files for resource: #{name}"
-    plural = name.to_s.pluralize
-
-    # remove app files
-    rm "app/models/#{name}.rb"
-    rm "app/controllers/#{plural}_controller.rb"
-    rm "app/helpers/#{plural}_helper.rb"
-    rm_rf "app/views/#{plural}"
-
-    # remove migration
-    rm Dir["db/migrate/*_create_#{plural}.rb"]
-
-    # revert routes
-    routes_rb = File.read("config/routes.rb")
-    routes_rb.sub!("\n  map.resources :#{plural}\n", '')
-    File.open("config/routes.rb", "w+") {|f| f << routes_rb}
-
-    # remove spec files
-    rm "spec/models/#{name}_spec.rb"
-    # rm "spec/fixtures/#{plural}.yml"
-    rm Dir["spec/controllers/#{plural}*_spec.rb"]
-    rm "spec/helpers/#{plural}_helper_spec.rb"
-    rm "spec/requests/#{plural}_spec.rb"
-    rm Dir["spec/routing/#{plural}*_spec.rb"]
-    rm_rf "spec/views/#{plural}"
-  end
-end
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
index dc6bd86..56e93d1 100644
--- a/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= "test"
+ENV["RAILS_ENV"] = "test"
 require 'rails/all'
 require 'rspec'
 require 'rspec/rails'
diff --git a/spec/verify_rcov.rb b/spec/verify_rcov.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9423b47..0000000
--- a/spec/verify_rcov.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-module RCov
-  # A task that can verify that the RCov coverage doesn't
-  # drop below a certain threshold. It should be run after
-  # running Spec::Rake::SpecTask.
-  class VerifyTask < Rake::TaskLib
-    # Name of the task. Defaults to :verify_rcov
-    attr_accessor :name
-    
-    # Path to the index.html file generated by RCov, which
-    # is the file containing the total coverage.
-    # Defaults to 'coverage/index.html'
-    attr_accessor :index_html
-    
-    # Whether or not to output details. Defaults to true.
-    attr_accessor :verbose
-    
-    # The threshold value (in percent) for coverage. If the 
-    # actual coverage is not equal to this value, the task will raise an 
-    # exception. 
-    attr_accessor :threshold
-    
-    # Require the threshold value be met exactly.  This is the default.
-    attr_accessor :require_exact_threshold
-    
-    def initialize(name=:verify_rcov)
-      @name = name
-      @index_html = 'coverage/index.html'
-      @verbose = true
-      @require_exact_threshold = true
-      yield self if block_given?
-      raise "Threshold must be set" if @threshold.nil?
-      define
-    end
-    
-    def define
-      desc "Verify that rcov coverage is at least #{threshold}%"
-      task @name do
-        total_coverage = 0
-
-        File.open(index_html).each_line do |line|
-          if line =~ /<tt class='coverage_total'>\s*(\d+\.\d+)%\s*<\/tt>/
-            total_coverage = $1.to_f
-            break
-          end
-        end
-        puts "Coverage: #{total_coverage}% (threshold: #{threshold}%)" if verbose
-        raise "Coverage must be at least #{threshold}% but was #{total_coverage}%" if total_coverage < threshold
-        raise "Coverage has increased above the threshold of #{threshold}% to #{total_coverage}%. You should update your threshold value." if (total_coverage > threshold) and require_exact_threshold
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
\ No newline at end of file