diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
index 85b9ddc6..cb31bc98 100644
--- a/.circleci/config.yml
+++ b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -178,6 +178,12 @@ jobs:
           discovery.type: single-node
           xpack.security.enabled: "false"
           ES_JAVA_OPTS: "-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
+      - image: mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022-latest
+        environment:
+          ACCEPT_EULA: Y
+          MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD: YourStrong@Passw0rd
+          MSSQL_USER: sa
+          MSSQL_DATABASE: master
     working_directory: ~/repo
     steps:
       - checkout
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 2fd473f0..54afd31c 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -111,3 +111,13 @@ services:
       interval: 10s
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
+
+  mssql:
+    image: mcr.microsoft.com/azure-sql-edge
+    ports:
+      - 1433:1433
+    environment:
+      ACCEPT_EULA: Y
+      MSSQL_DATABASE: master
+      MSSQL_USER: sa
+      MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD: YourStrong@Passw0rd
diff --git a/src/instana/__init__.py b/src/instana/__init__.py
index a8ecf07d..3df5cdb1 100644
--- a/src/instana/__init__.py
+++ b/src/instana/__init__.py
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ def boot_agent() -> None:
             pika,  # noqa: F401
             psycopg2,  # noqa: F401
             pymongo,  # noqa: F401
+            pymssql,  # noqa: F401
             pymysql,  # noqa: F401
             pyramid,  # noqa: F401
             redis,  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/src/instana/instrumentation/pep0249.py b/src/instana/instrumentation/pep0249.py
index 7ea8efaa..9fdddb17 100644
--- a/src/instana/instrumentation/pep0249.py
+++ b/src/instana/instrumentation/pep0249.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2021
 # (c) Copyright Instana Inc. 2018
 
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional, Union
 
 # This is a wrapper for PEP-0249: Python Database API Specification v2.0
 import wrapt
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ def __init__(
         self,
         cursor: Any,
         module_name: str,
-        connect_params: Optional[List[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
-        cursor_params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        connect_params: Optional[list[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
+        cursor_params: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super(CursorWrapper, self).__init__(wrapped=cursor)
         self._module_name = module_name
@@ -52,9 +52,15 @@ def _collect_kvs(
                     self._connect_params[1][db_parameter_name],
                 )
 
+            host = next(
+                (p for p in ("host", "server") if p in self._connect_params[1]),
+                None,
+            )
+            if host:
+                span.set_attribute("host", self._connect_params[1][host])
+
             span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.DB_STATEMENT, sql_sanitizer(sql))
             span.set_attribute(SpanAttributes.DB_USER, self._connect_params[1]["user"])
-            span.set_attribute("host", self._connect_params[1]["host"])
             span.set_attribute("port", self._connect_params[1]["port"])
         except Exception as e:
             logger.debug(e)
@@ -65,8 +71,8 @@ def __enter__(self) -> Self:
     def execute(
         self,
         sql: str,
-        params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    ) -> Callable[[str, Dict[str, Any]], None]:
+        params: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    ) -> Callable[[str, dict[str, Any]], None]:
         tracer, _, operation_name = get_tracer_tuple()
 
         # If not tracing or we're being called from sqlalchemy, just pass through
@@ -90,8 +96,8 @@ def execute(
     def executemany(
         self,
         sql: str,
-        seq_of_parameters: List[Dict[str, Any]],
-    ) -> Callable[[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]], None]:
+        seq_of_parameters: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    ) -> Callable[[str, list[dict[str, Any]]], None]:
         tracer, _, operation_name = get_tracer_tuple()
 
         # If not tracing or we're being called from sqlalchemy, just pass through
@@ -115,8 +121,8 @@ def executemany(
     def callproc(
         self,
         proc_name: str,
-        params: Dict[str, Any],
-    ) -> Callable[[str, Dict[str, Any]], None]:
+        params: dict[str, Any],
+    ) -> Callable[[str, dict[str, Any]], None]:
         tracer, _, operation_name = get_tracer_tuple()
 
         # If not tracing or we're being called from sqlalchemy, just pass through
@@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ def __init__(
         self,
         connection: "ConnectionWrapper",
         module_name: str,
-        connect_params: List[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]],
+        connect_params: list[Union[str, dict[str, Any]]],
     ) -> None:
         super(ConnectionWrapper, self).__init__(wrapped=connection)
         self._module_name = module_name
@@ -161,8 +167,8 @@ def __enter__(self) -> Self:
 
     def cursor(
         self,
-        *args: Tuple[int, str, Dict[str, Any]],
-        **kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        *args: tuple[int, str, dict[str, Any]],
+        **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> CursorWrapper:
         return CursorWrapper(
             cursor=self.__wrapped__.cursor(*args, **kwargs),
@@ -193,8 +199,8 @@ def __init__(
 
     def __call__(
         self,
-        *args: Tuple[int, str, Dict[str, Any]],
-        **kwargs: Dict[str, Any],
+        *args: tuple[int, str, dict[str, Any]],
+        **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
     ) -> ConnectionWrapper:
         connect_params = (args, kwargs) if args or kwargs else None
         return self._wrapper_ctor(
diff --git a/src/instana/instrumentation/pymssql.py b/src/instana/instrumentation/pymssql.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc93067d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/instana/instrumentation/pymssql.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2026
+
+from instana.log import logger
+from instana.instrumentation.pep0249 import ConnectionFactory
+
+try:
+    import pymssql
+
+    cf = ConnectionFactory(connect_func=pymssql.connect, module_name="mssql")
+
+    setattr(pymssql, "connect", cf)
+    if hasattr(pymssql, "Connect"):
+        setattr(pymssql, "Connect", cf)
+
+    logger.debug("Instrumenting pymssql")
+except ImportError:
+    pass
diff --git a/src/instana/span/kind.py b/src/instana/span/kind.py
index f7a074c3..35025bb8 100644
--- a/src/instana/span/kind.py
+++ b/src/instana/span/kind.py
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
     "httpx",
     "log",
     "memcache",
+    "mssql",
     "mongo",
     "mysql",
     "postgres",
diff --git a/src/instana/span/registered_span.py b/src/instana/span/registered_span.py
index 339cf6e1..8234169a 100644
--- a/src/instana/span/registered_span.py
+++ b/src/instana/span/registered_span.py
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@ def _populate_exit_span_data(self, span: "InstanaSpan") -> None:
         elif span.name == "mysql":
             self._collect_mysql_attributes(span)
 
+        elif span.name == "mssql":
+            self._collect_mssql_attributes(span)
+
         elif span.name == "postgres":
             self._collect_postgres_attributes(span)
 
@@ -366,6 +369,16 @@ def _collect_mysql_attributes(self, span: "InstanaSpan") -> None:
         )
         self.data["mysql"]["error"] = span.attributes.pop("mysql.error", None)
 
+    def _collect_mssql_attributes(self, span: "InstanaSpan") -> None:
+        self.data["mssql"]["host"] = span.attributes.pop("host", None)
+        self.data["mssql"]["port"] = span.attributes.pop("port", None)
+        self.data["mssql"]["db"] = span.attributes.pop(SpanAttributes.DB_NAME, None)
+        self.data["mssql"]["user"] = span.attributes.pop(SpanAttributes.DB_USER, None)
+        self.data["mssql"]["stmt"] = span.attributes.pop(
+            SpanAttributes.DB_STATEMENT, None
+        )
+        self.data["mssql"]["error"] = span.attributes.pop("mssql.error", None)
+
     def _collect_postgres_attributes(self, span: "InstanaSpan") -> None:
         self.data["pg"]["host"] = span.attributes.pop("host", None)
         self.data["pg"]["port"] = span.attributes.pop("port", None)
diff --git a/src/instana/span/span.py b/src/instana/span/span.py
index 49dbe859..8bee0c0c 100644
--- a/src/instana/span/span.py
+++ b/src/instana/span/span.py
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ def record_exception(
                 self.set_attribute("lambda.error", message)
             elif self.name.startswith("kafka"):
                 self.set_attribute("kafka.error", message)
+            elif self.name == "mssql":
+                self.set_attribute("mssql.error", message)
             else:
                 _attributes = {"message": message}
                 if attributes:
diff --git a/tests/clients/test_pymssql.py b/tests/clients/test_pymssql.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02f81003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/clients/test_pymssql.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+# (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2026
+
+from typing import Generator
+
+import pytest
+
+from instana.singletons import agent, get_tracer
+from tests.helpers import testenv
+
+
+class TestPyMSSQL:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def _resource(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+        import pymssql
+
+        try:
+            self.db = pymssql.connect(
+                server=testenv["mssql_host"],
+                port=testenv["mssql_port"],
+                user=testenv["mssql_user"],
+                password=testenv["mssql_pw"],
+                database=testenv["mssql_db"],
+            )
+        except Exception:
+            pytest.skip("SQL Server not available")
+
+        setup_cursor = self.db.cursor()
+        setup_cursor.execute("IF OBJECT_ID('users', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE users")
+        setup_cursor.execute(
+            "CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name NVARCHAR(50), email NVARCHAR(50))"
+        )
+        setup_cursor.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (1, 'kermit', 'kermit@muppets.com')"
+        )
+        self.db.commit()
+
+        self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
+        self.tracer = get_tracer()
+        self.recorder = self.tracer.span_processor
+        self.recorder.clear_spans()
+        self.tracer.cur_ctx = None
+        yield
+        try:
+            cleanup_cursor = self.db.cursor()
+            cleanup_cursor.execute(
+                "IF OBJECT_ID('users', 'U') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE users"
+            )
+            self.db.commit()
+            self.cursor.close()
+            self.db.close()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        agent.options.allow_exit_as_root = False
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ US1 --
+
+    def test_vanilla_query(self) -> None:
+        """No tracer context → zero spans emitted."""
+        self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
+        rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) == 1
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 0
+
+    def test_basic_query(self) -> None:
+        """SELECT inside tracer context → one mssql child span with all attributes."""
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("test"):
+            self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
+            rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
+
+        assert len(rows) == 1
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 2
+
+        db_span, test_span = spans
+
+        assert test_span.data["sdk"]["name"] == "test"
+        assert test_span.t == db_span.t
+        assert db_span.p == test_span.s
+
+        assert not db_span.ec
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["db"] == testenv["mssql_db"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["user"] == testenv["mssql_user"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["stmt"] == "SELECT * FROM users"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["host"] == testenv["mssql_host"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["port"] == testenv["mssql_port"]
+
+    def test_basic_query_as_root_exit_span(self) -> None:
+        """Root exit span (no parent) is captured when allow_exit_as_root is True."""
+        agent.options.allow_exit_as_root = True
+        self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
+        rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
+
+        assert len(rows) == 1
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 1
+
+        db_span = spans[0]
+
+        assert not db_span.ec
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["db"] == testenv["mssql_db"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["user"] == testenv["mssql_user"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["stmt"] == "SELECT * FROM users"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["host"] == testenv["mssql_host"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["port"] == testenv["mssql_port"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "sql,expected_stmt",
+        [
+            (
+                "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 1",
+                "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?",
+            ),
+            (
+                "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (2, 'beaker', 'beaker@muppets.com')",
+                "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+            ),
+            (
+                "UPDATE users SET name = 'gonzo' WHERE id = 1",
+                "UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = ?",
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_span_attributes(self, sql: str, expected_stmt: str) -> None:
+        """All five non-error span attributes are populated for each DML statement."""
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("test"):
+            try:
+                self.cursor.execute(sql)
+                self.db.commit()
+            except Exception:
+                self.db.rollback()
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 2
+        db_span = spans[0]
+
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["db"] == testenv["mssql_db"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["user"] == testenv["mssql_user"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["stmt"] == expected_stmt
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["host"] == testenv["mssql_host"]
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["port"] == testenv["mssql_port"]
+        assert not db_span.ec
+
+    def test_connect_cursor_ctx_mgr(self) -> None:
+        """Cursor used as a context manager produces the same span output."""
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("test"), self.cursor:
+            self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
+            rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
+
+        assert len(rows) == 1
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 2
+        db_span = spans[0]
+
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["stmt"] == "SELECT * FROM users"
+        assert not db_span.ec
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ US2 --
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "bad_sql",
+        [
+            "SELECT * FROM nonexistent_table_xyz",
+            "THIS IS NOT VALID SQL AT ALL",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_error_capture(self, bad_sql: str) -> None:
+        """Failed queries record ec=1 and populate the error attribute."""
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("test"), pytest.raises(Exception):
+            self.cursor.execute(bad_sql)
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 2
+        db_span = spans[0]
+
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert db_span.ec == 2
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["error"] is not None
+        assert len(db_span.data["mssql"]["error"]) > 0
+
+    def test_no_error_on_success(self) -> None:
+        """Successful queries leave ec falsy and error attribute as None."""
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("test"):
+            self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 2
+        db_span = spans[0]
+
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert not db_span.ec
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["error"] is None
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ US3 --
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "batch_rows",
+        [
+            [(2, "beaker", "beaker@muppets.com"), (3, "fozzie", "fozzie@muppets.com")],
+            [
+                (2, "beaker", "b@m.com"),
+                (3, "fozzie", "f@m.com"),
+                (4, "gonzo", "g@m.com"),
+                (5, "piggy", "p@m.com"),
+                (6, "animal", "a@m.com"),
+            ],
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_executemany(self, batch_rows: list) -> None:
+        """executemany produces exactly one mssql span regardless of batch size."""
+        sql = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, email) VALUES (%d, %s, %s)"
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("test"):
+            self.cursor.executemany(sql, batch_rows)
+            self.db.commit()
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        assert len(spans) == 2
+
+        db_span = spans[0]
+        assert db_span.n == "mssql"
+        assert db_span.data["mssql"]["stmt"] is not None
+        assert not db_span.ec
+
+    # --------------------------------------------------------------- Polish --
+
+    def test_sqlalchemy_bypass(self) -> None:
+        """When the active span is 'sqlalchemy', no mssql span is created."""
+        with self.tracer.start_as_current_span("sqlalchemy"):
+            self.cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
+
+        spans = self.recorder.queued_spans()
+        # Only the sqlalchemy span; no mssql child
+        assert len(spans) == 1
+        assert spans[0].n == "sqlalchemy"
diff --git a/tests/helpers.py b/tests/helpers.py
index d65ede71..cbb23181 100644
--- a/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/tests/helpers.py
@@ -58,6 +58,15 @@
 testenv["mongodb_user"] = os.environ.get("MONGO_USER", None)
 testenv["mongodb_pw"] = os.environ.get("MONGO_PW", None)
 
+"""
+Microsoft SQL Server Environment
+"""
+testenv["mssql_host"] = os.environ.get("MSSQL_HOST", "127.0.0.1")
+testenv["mssql_port"] = os.environ.get("MSSQL_PORT", "1433")
+testenv["mssql_db"] = os.environ.get("MSSQL_DATABASE", "master")
+testenv["mssql_user"] = os.environ.get("MSSQL_USER", "sa")
+testenv["mssql_pw"] = os.environ.get("MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD", "YourStrong@Passw0rd")
+
 """
 RabbitMQ Environment
 """
diff --git a/tests/requirements.txt b/tests/requirements.txt
index 242085c9..73a19092 100644
--- a/tests/requirements.txt
+++ b/tests/requirements.txt
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ lxml>=4.9.2
 mock>=4.0.3
 moto>=4.1.2
 mysqlclient>=2.0.3
+pymssql>=2.2.0
 PyMySQL[rsa]>=1.0.2
 psycopg2-binary>=2.8.6
 pika>=1.2.0