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leanVM-b

leanVM-b

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Aggregation: 750 XMSS/s 2 to 1 recursion: 0.55s

Warning: highly experimental.

Benchmarks

Machine: Mac M4 Max

XMSS aggregation

Our XMSS is specified in XMSS.pdf.

cargo run --release -- xmss --n-signatures 900 --log-inv-rate 1 --repeat 3
XMSS aggregation, 900 signatures
  cycles (VM steps)           : 1,529,326 = 2^20.544   (1,699.251 / XMSS)
    proven rows               : 1,967,104 = 2^20.908  (filled to powers of two)
    details                   : DEREF 2^18.97 (33.6%)  SET 2^18.397 (22.6%)  MUL 2^18.176 (19.4%)  BLAKE2S 2^16.996 (8.5%)  XOR 2^16.953 (8.3%)  JUMP 2^16.825 (7.6%)  PACK64X2 2^9.814 (0.1%)  MEMORY 2^21.718  TOTAL_COMMITTED 2^26.185
  proof size                  : 355.5 KiB
  proving                     : 1.124 s ± 7.4%   800.966 XMSS/s      peak memory 20.397 GiB
  verifying                   : 0.00395 s

Recursion

cargo run --release -- recursion --n 2 --log-inv-rate 2 --repeat 3
recursion 2→1: 2 inner proofs of 1,472,223 cycles each
  guest cycles (VM steps)     : 728,277 = 2^19.474   (0.247 / inner cycle)
    proven rows               : 933,888 = 2^19.833  (filled to powers of two)
    details                   : DEREF 2^17.975 (35.4%)  MUL 2^17.754 (30.4%)  XOR 2^17.324 (22.5%)  SET 2^15.256 (5.4%)  PACK64X2 2^14.321 (2.8%)  BLAKE2S 2^14.097 (2.4%)  JUMP 2^13.016 (1.1%)  MEMORY 2^19.804  TOTAL_COMMITTED 2^24.664
  proof size                  : 222.4 KiB
recursion proving         : 0.512 s ± 2.3%      peak memory 15.42 GiB
verification              : 0.0284 s

Fibonacci

cargo run --release -- fibonacci --n 2000000 --log-inv-rate 1 --repeat 3
Fibonacci (in the exponent, i.e. modulo 2^64 - 1), N = 2,000,000
  cycles (VM steps)           : 2,127,881
    details                   : MUL 2^20.937 (98.7%)  DEREF 2^13.967 (0.8%)  SET 2^12.552 (0.3%)  JUMP 2^10.968 (0.1%)  XOR 2^10.966 (0.1%)  MEMORY 2^20.964  TOTAL_COMMITTED 2^25.263
  proof size                  : 333.0 KiB
  proving                     : 0.63 s ± 9.3%   3,380,073 cycles/s      peak memory 12.128 GiB
  verifying                   : 0.00298 s

Security

  • 128-bit (LDR Johnson, no proximity gaps conjecture)

Snark machinery

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