fix: [Docker] hadolint fixes. [REFACTOR] [Docker] commands re-arranged.

.github/workflows/docker-image.yml

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
           docker
           compose --profile test
           run --rm ${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}-test
-          make test
+          make test-no-deps
 
   # yamllint disable rule:line-length
   # security:

Dockerfile

@@ -2,61 +2,83 @@ FROM ubuntu:26.04 AS init
 
 ENV WORKDIR=/app
 WORKDIR ${WORKDIR}
-ENV VCPKG_ROOT=/opt/vcpkg
-
-RUN apt-get -y update && \
-  apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests ca-certificates make && \
-  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-FROM init AS builder
-ARG GENERATE_ASM=0
-ENV GENERATE_ASM=${GENERATE_ASM}
 
 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV TZ=Etc/UTC
 
-# build tools
 RUN apt-get update \
   && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
-    curl gpg lsb-release \
+    ## common permanent packages
+    "make=4.4.1-3" \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+COPY ./Makefile ${WORKDIR}/
+
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
+RUN apt-get update \
   && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
-    build-essential g++ gcc gpg \
-    lsb-release make pkg-config \
+    ## add ephemeral packages
+    "curl=8.18.0-1ubuntu2.5" \
+    "gpg=2.4.8-4ubuntu3.1" \
+    ## common permanent packages
+    "ca-certificates=20260601~26.04.1" \
   # CMAKE from Kitware repository
   && curl --proto "=https" -fsSL https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-latest.asc 2>/dev/null \
   | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/kitware-archive-keyring.gpg \
-  && echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kitware-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) main" \
+  && echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kitware-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu resolute main" \
   > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kitware.list \
-  && apt-get -y autoremove curl lsb-release gpg \
+  # CMAKE from Kitware repository
   && apt-get update \
-  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends cmake \
+  && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
+    "cmake=4.4.3-0kitware1ubuntu26.04.1" \
+    "cmake-data=4.4.3-0kitware1ubuntu26.04.1" \
+  ## remove ephemeral packages
+  && apt-get -y autoremove curl gpg \
+  ## clean up
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+FROM init AS builder
+
+ARG GENERATE_ASM=0
+ENV GENERATE_ASM=${GENERATE_ASM}
+
+# # build tools
+RUN apt-get update \
+  && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
+    "build-essential=12.12ubuntu2.26.04.2" \
+    "g++=4:15.2.0-5ubuntu1" \
+    "gcc=4:15.2.0-5ubuntu1" \
+    "pkg-config=2.5.1-4" \
   ## clean up
   && apt-get clean \
   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-  && make --version \
+  ## test tools
   && gcc --version \
   && g++ --version \
+  && make --version \
   && cmake --version
 
-# vcpkg Package Manager
+# # vcpkg Package Manager
 ENV VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1
 ENV VCPKG_VERSION=2026.07.29
 ENV VCPKG_ROOT=/opt/vcpkg
 
 # vcpkg Package Manager
-RUN apt-get -y update && \
-  apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
-    curl \
+RUN apt-get -y update \
   && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
-    git ninja-build unzip zip \
+    "curl=8.18.0-1ubuntu2.5" \
+    "git=1:2.53.0-1ubuntu1" \
+    "ninja-build=1.13.2-1" \
+    "unzip=6.0-29ubuntu1" \
+    "zip=3.0-15ubuntu3" \
+    "patchelf=0.18.0-1.4build1" \
   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
   && mkdir /opt/vcpkg \
   && git clone --branch "${VCPKG_VERSION}" https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg "${VCPKG_ROOT}" \
   && /opt/vcpkg/bootstrap-vcpkg.sh \
-  && apt-get -y autoremove curl \
-  && ln -s /opt/vcpkg/vcpkg /usr/local/bin/vcpkg && \
-  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-  vcpkg version
+  && ln -s /opt/vcpkg/vcpkg /usr/local/bin/vcpkg \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+  && vcpkg version
 
 # sources
 COPY ./src ${WORKDIR}/src
@@ -80,20 +102,25 @@ CMD ["make", "build"]
 
 FROM builder AS development
 
-# CMD []
+CMD []
 
 FROM init AS lint
 
 # Instala sólo lo mínimo necesario para linting (cmake, clang-format, cppcheck)
 RUN apt-get update && \
   apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests \
-    clang-format cmake cppcheck \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+    "clang-format=1:21.1.6-71" \
+    "cppcheck=2.19.0-3" && \
+  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+LABEL lint-phase=enabled
+LABEL clang-format=enabled
+LABEL cppcheck=enabled
 
 # Tooling test
 RUN clang-format --version && \
   cppcheck --version && \
-  cmake --version
+  make --version
 
 # Copia sólo lo necesario para ejecutar las comprobaciones
 COPY ./src ${WORKDIR}/src
@@ -103,15 +130,16 @@ COPY --from=builder ${WORKDIR}/build/compile_commands.json ${WORKDIR}/build/comp
 
 CMD ["make", "lint-no-deps"]
 
-FROM development AS testing
+FROM init AS testing
 
 RUN apt-get -y update && \
-  apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests lcov && \
+  apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests "lcov=2.4-3" && \
   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
-COPY --from=builder ${WORKDIR}/build ${WORKDIR}/
+# COPY --from=builder ${WORKDIR}/build ${WORKDIR}/build
+COPY --from=builder ${WORKDIR} ${WORKDIR}
 
-CMD ["make", "test"]
+CMD ["make", "test-no-deps"]
 
 FROM ubuntu:26.04 AS production
 
@@ -122,8 +150,8 @@ WORKDIR ${WORKDIR}
 
 COPY --from=builder ${WORKDIR}/build/src/lib/exercises/*.a ${WORKDIR}/
 
-RUN useradd --user-group --system --create-home --no-log-init app
-USER app
+RUN useradd --uid 1001 --user-group --system --create-home --no-log-init app
+USER 1001
 
 RUN ls -alhR
 

Makefile

@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ format: format/sources format/json
 test: env dependencies build clean/test
 	cd build && make test
 
+test-no-deps:
+	cd build && make test
+
 coverage: test
 	lcov ${COVERAGE_TOOL_OPTS} -o coverage/lcov.info \
 		--no-external --capture \
@@ -175,20 +178,20 @@ compose/lint/json:
 		&& echo '✔  Your code looks good.'
 
 compose/test/styling: compose/build
-	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile lint run --rm algorithm-exercises-c-lint make test/styling
+	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile lint run --rm algorithm-exercises-cpp-lint make test/styling
 
 compose/test/static: compose/build
-	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile lint run --rm algorithm-exercises-c-lint make test/static-no-deps
+	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile lint run --rm algorithm-exercises-cpp-lint make test/static-no-deps
 
 compose/lint: compose/test/styling compose/test/static
 
 compose/lint/all: compose/lint/markdown compose/lint/yaml compose/lint/json compose/test/styling compose/test/static
 
-compose/test: compose/build
-	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile testing run --rm algorithm-exercises-c-test make test
+compose/test:
+	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile testing run --rm algorithm-exercises-cpp-test make test-no-deps
 
 compose/run: compose/build
-	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile production run --rm algorithm-exercises-c ls -alhR
+	${DOCKER_COMPOSE} --profile production run --rm algorithm-exercises-cpp ls -alhR
 
 compose/all: compose/rebuild compose/test compose/lint